Disability in the affluent society
From rehabilitation to universal design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/Idiseno.2020.v15i0.10307Keywords:
disability, universal design, güte form, polio, Ronald Mace, Selwyn GoldsmithAbstract
After World War II, a period of economic growth began reaching, with fluctuations, to 1973 oil crises. Those years, of the affluent society in Galbraith's words, were not free from health tragedies: polio, flu (in its various forms), and later AIDS, affected the entire planet. Medical advances allowed many people to overcome diseases but did not prevent their consequences.
Any permanent disability affects the life of those who suffer it, not only because it prevents them from doing essential things, but also because of social rejection that, to a greater or lesser extent, they may suffer. The way in which public space is organized, the architecture that occupies it and the objects we use are more responsible for disability than the illnesses or accidents suffered by those affected. The role of design in this complex framework is so contradictory that it can be the solution to many problems, but also the cause of many of them.
This article reviews the circumstances that led to the formation of movements in favor of accessibility and their role in the development of a legal framework to people with disabilities. It analyzes the influence of hygienism and eugenics in design and deals with the difficulty of conventional design to meet the needs of people with disabilities.
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