An Exploratory Study on the Emotional Climate within Family Firms: The Impact of Emotional Dissonance

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i1.10812

Keywords:

Emotional climate, Emotional dissonance, Family firms, Emotions, Qualitative study

Abstract

This study focuses on the emotional climate of family firms. In particular, we highlight the expression of emotions by emphasizing the phenomenon of emotional dissonance within these firms. Emotional dissonance, a person-role conflict, originates from the discrepancy between expressed and experienced emotions. Additionally, we look into the role of the (non)family status of the CEO and the generational phase of the firm in the occurrence of the emotional climate. Research on emotions within firms has steadily increased over the years, although almost always neglecting family firms. This is a remarkable observation given the preeminence of family firms in the worldwide economy and the overlap between business and family these firms are confronted with. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we unravel both the impact of family firms’ emotional climate and the facets that contribute to this climate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abraham, R. (1998). Emotional dissonance in organizations: antecedents, consequences, and moderators. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 124(2), 229-246.

Albert, S., & Whetten, D. A. (1985). Organizational identity. Research in Organizational Behavior, 7, 263-295.

Ashforth, B., & Tomiuk, M. (2000). Emotional labour and authenticity: views from service agents. In S. Fineman (Ed.), Emotion in Organizations (pp. 184-203): Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446219850.n10

Ashkanasy, N. M., & Dorris, A. D. (2017). Emotions in the workplace. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 67-90. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113231

Ashkanasy, N. M., & Gracia, E. (2014). Emotional labor as a dynamic process in service organizations: development of a multi-perspective, multilevel model. In Ashkanasy, N. M., Zerbe, W. J., & Hätel, C. E. J. (Eds.), Emotions and the Organizational Fabric (pp. 331-365): Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1746-979120140000010021

Bee, C., & Neubaum, D. O. (2014). The role of cognitive appraisal and emotions of family members in the family business system. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 323-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.12.001

Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511435355

Björnberg, Å., & Nicholson, N. (2012). Emotional ownership: the next generation’s relationship with the family firm. Family Business Review, 25(4), 374-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486511432471

Bowen, M. (1993). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Jason Aronson.

Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2003). Development and validation of the emotional labour scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76(3), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317903769647229

Brundin, E., & Härtel, C. E. J. (2014). Emotions in family firms. In L. Melin, M. Nordqvist, & P. Sharma (Eds.), The Sage handbook of family business (pp. 529-548): Sage Publications. 10.4135/9781446247556.n27

Carsrud, A. L. (1994). Meanderings of a resurrected psychologist or, lessons learned in creating a family business program. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401900103

Casson, M. (1999). The economics of the family firm. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 47(1), 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.1999.10419802

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Sharma, P. (2003). Current trends and future directions in family business management studies: toward a theory of the family firm. Coleman white paper series, 4(1), 1-63.

Chrisman, J. J., Steier, L. P., & Chua, J. H. (2008). Toward a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics of strategic performance in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(6), 935-947. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00264.x

Davis, P. (1983). Realizing the potential of the family business. Organizational Dynamics, 12(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(83)90026-8

Davis, P., & Harveston, P. D. (1999). In the founder's shadow: conflict in the family firm. Family Business Review, 12(4), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00311.x

de Rivera, J., & Páez, D. (2007). Emotional climate, human security, and cultures of peace. Journal of Social Issues, 63(2), 233-253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00506.x

Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. The Academy of Management Review, 14(4), 532-550. https://doi.org/10.2307/258557

Gersick, K. E., Davis, J., McCollom, M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: life cycles of the family business. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.

Gibbert, M., & Ruigrok, W. (2010). The ‘‘what’’ and ‘‘how’’ of case study rigor: three strategies based on published work. Organizational Research Methods, 13(4), 710-737. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428109351319

Gioia, D., Corley, K., & Hamilton, A. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112452151

Grandey, A. (2003). When "the show must go on": surface acting and deep acting as determinants of emotional exhaustion and peer-rated service delivery. The Academy of Management Journal, 46(1), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.5465/30040678

Gross, J. J. (1998a). Antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation: divergent consequences for experience, expression, and Physiology. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74(1), 224-237. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.1.224

Gross, J. J. (1998b). The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271

Hendriks, W., Lambrechts, F., & Vandenrijt, L. (2014). De niet-familiale CEO in het familiebedrijf: hoe komen tot een succesvolle en duurzame relatie: VKW Limburg.

Hochshild, A. R. (1983). The managed heart: commercialization of human feeling. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Hubler, T. (1999). Ten most prevalent obstacles to family-business succession planning. Family Business Review, 12(2), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00117.x

Huybrechts, J., Voordeckers, W., & Lybaert, N. (2013). Entrepreneurial risk taking of private family firms: the influence of a non-family CEO and the moderating effect of CEO tenure. Family Business Review, 26(2), 161-179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486512469252

Kelleci, R., Lambrechts, F., Voordeckers, W., & Huybrechts, J. (2019). CEO personality: a different perspective on the non-family versus family CEO debate. Family Business Review, 32(1), 31-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518811222

Kellermanns, F., Dibrell, C., & Cruz, C. (2014). The role and impact of emotions in family business strategy: new approaches and paradigms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(277-279). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.08.002

Kets de Vries, M. F. R. K. (1993). The dynamics of family controlled firms: the good and the bad news. Organizational Dynamics, 21(3), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(93)90071-8

Labaki, R., Michael-Tsabari, N., & Zachary, R. K. (2013a). Emotional dimensions within the family business: towards a conceptualization. In K. X. Smyrnios, P. Z. Poutziouris, & S. Goel (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Family Business (2 ed., pp. 734-763). Northampton, Massachussets: Edwards Elgar Publisher. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781848443228.00047

Labaki, R., Michael-Tsabari, N., & Zachary, R. K. (2013b). Exploring the emotional nexus in cogent family business archetypes. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 301-330. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0034

Lansberg, I. (1988). The succession conspiracy. Family Business Review, 1(2), 119-143. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00119.x

Lawrence, S. A., Troth, A. C., Jordan, P. J., & Collins, A. L. (2011). A review of emotion regulation and development of a framework for emotion regulation in the workplace. In Perrewé, P. L., & Ganster, D. C. (Ed.): The role of individual differences in occupational stress and well being (Vol. 9, pp. 197-263). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Maitlis, S., & Ozcelik, H. (2004). Toxic decision processes: a study of emotion and organizational decision making. Organization Science, 15(4), 375-393. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0070

McCollom, M. (2004). Integration in the family firm: when the family system replaces controls and culture. Family Business Review, 1(4), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00399.x

Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2006). Family governance and firm performance: agency, stewardship, and capabilities. Family Business Review, 19(1), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x

Morgan, T. J., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2014). Hooked on a feeling: the affective component of socioemotional wealth in family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.07.001

Morris, J. A., & Feldman, D. C. (1996). The dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of emotional labor. The Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 986-1010. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1996.9704071861

Mustakallio, M., Autio, E., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Relational and contractual governance in family firms: effects on strategic decision making. Family Business Review, 15(3), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00205.x

Nordqvist, M., Hall, A., & Melin, L. (2009). Qualitative research on family businesses: the relevance and usefulness of the interpretive approach. Journal of Management & Organization, 15(3), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2009.15.3.294

Picone, P. M., De Massis, A., Tang, Y., & Piccolo, R. F. (2021). The psychological foundations of management in family firms: values, biases, and heuristics. Family Business Review, 34(1), 12-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486520985630

Poza, E. J., & Daugherty, M. S. (2014). Family Business (4th ed.). United States of America: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Rafaeli, A. (2013). Emotion in organizations: considerations for family firms. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 295-299. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0061

Rau, S. B. (2013). Emotions preventing survival of family firms: comments on exploring the emotional nexus in cogent family business archetypes: towards a predominant business model inclusive of the emotional dimension. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 3(3), 425-432. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2013-0055

Schaubroeck, J., & Jones, J. R. (2000). Antecedents of workplace emotional labor dimensions and moderators of their effects on physical symptoms. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(2), 163-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(200003)21:2<163::AID-JOB37>3.0.CO;2-L

Shepherd, D. A. (2016). An emotions perspective for advancing the fields of bamily business and entrepreneurship. Family Business Review, 29(2), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486516634943

Simpson, P. A., & Stroh, L. K. (2004). Gender differences: emotional expression and feelings of personal inauthenticity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 715-721. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.4.715

Tagiuri, R., & Davis, J. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, 9(2), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x

Umans, I., Lybaert, N., Steijvers, T., & Voordeckers, W. (2020). Succession planning in family firms: family governance practices, board of directors, and emotions. Small Business Economics, 54(1), 189-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0078-5

Van Knippenberg, D., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2016). Leadership and affect: noving the hearts and minds of followers. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), 799-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520.2016.1160515

Wharton, A. S. (1993). The affective consequences of service work. Work and Occupations, 20(2), 205-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888493020002004

Yezza, H., Chabaud, D., & Calabrò, A. (2021). Conflict dynamics and emotional dissonance during the family business succession process: evidence from the Tunisian context. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 11(3), 219-244. https://doi.org/10.1515/erj-2019-0294

Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Yurtsever, G., & De Rivera, J. (2010). Measuring the emotional climate of an organization. Percept Mot Skills, 110(2), 501-516. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.2.501-516

Zellweger, T., Eddleston, K., & Kellermanns, F. (2010). Exploring the concept of familiness: introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2009.12.003

Downloads

Published

2022-02-03

How to Cite

Vandekerkhof, P., Hoekx, L., & Claus, B. (2022). An Exploratory Study on the Emotional Climate within Family Firms: The Impact of Emotional Dissonance. European Journal of Family Business, 12(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v12i1.10812

Issue

Section

Research article