Audio Describing an Animated Film: Challenges of a Master’s Degree Final Practical Project
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/REDIT.2022.v1iXV-XVI.16634Keywords:
audio description, animated film, translation as practice, blind and visually impaired audience, Pour la FranceAbstract
Audio description (AD) is a growing arts and media assistive service “that makes audiovisual products accessible and enjoyable for the blind and visually impaired by transferring images and unclear sounds into a verbal narration that interacts with the dialogues and sounds of the original text with which it forms a coherent whole” (Reviers and Vercauteren 2013 in Vercauteren 2016: 11). As an object of study and as an intersemiotic, intersemiospherical or intermodal practice, audio description has become a major area of ??interest not only in audiovisual translation, but also in translation studies (Taylor and Perego 2022). This interest goes hand in hand with technological developments in the translation industry which mirror some global trends, among which the increasing need for audiovisual localization (translation) (Bussey 2019: online).
In this article, we present an overview and reflect on our final project as a student enrolled in the Master's in Audiovisual Translation: Localization, Subtitling and Dubbing offered by ISTRAD, Instituto Superior de Estudios Lingüísticos y Traducción, and the University of Cadiz in Spain. More specifically, the project involved audio describing the animated film Pour la France, an end-of-studies history-themed film in 2D animation, produced in 2019 by Vincent Chansard, as part of the diploma Concepteur et réalisateur de films d'animation at Gobelins, École de l'image. After having defined our theoretical framework, we present our methodology based on the main steps in the preparation of an audio description project, by highlighting the various challenges that we encountered as well as the solutions we proposed.
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References
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Jia, H. (2017). Roman Jakobson’s Triadic Division of Translation Revisited. Chinese Semiotic Studies, 13(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2017-0003
KOCH, S. (2002). Bilder zum Hören. Germanisten untersuchen „Übersetzung“ in Worte. Journal der Universität Leipzig, 6, 28.
Kristeva, J. (1969). L’engendrement de la formule In Semeiotike : recherches pour une sémanalyse (pp. 217-310). Seuil.
Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Columbia University Press. https://books.google.ca/books?id=d2BaPShWHR8C
Maitre, J. (2019, 6 septembre). Meet Roy Samuelson, the Voice-Over Artist Helping the Blind & Visually Impaired Experience Films. https://directorsnotes.com/2019/09/06/roy-samuelson-audio-description/
Maszerowska, A., Matamala, A., & Orero, P. (2014). Audio Description: New perspectives illustrated. John Benjamins.
MIYU. (2021). Distribution. Films d'école. https://www.miyu.fr/distribution/films-decole/
nausika. (s.d.). Pour la France: emphasising the common humanity of two opposed sides in their potential for mutual understanding and violence. https://undersoutherneyes.edpinsent.com/pour-la-france/
Piety, P. J. (2004). The language system of audio description: an investigation as a discursive process. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 453-468.
Posadas, G. R. (2010). Audio description as a complex translation process: a protocol In J. Díaz Cintas, A. Matamala, & J. Neves (Eds.), New Insights Into Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility?: Media for All 2 (pp. 195-211). Brill Rodopi.
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Rai, S., Greening, J., & Petre, L. (2010). A comparative study of audio description guidelines prevalent in different countries. http://audiodescription.co.uk/uploads/general/RNIB._AD_standards.pdf
Rastier, F. (1985). L'isotopie sémantique, du mot au texte. L'Information Grammaticale, 27, 33-36.
Reiss, K. (2002). La critique des traductions, ses possibilités et ses limites (C. Bocquet, Trans.) [traduit de l'allemand]. Artois Presses Université.
Roche, C. (2005). Terminologie et ontologie. Langages, 157, 48-62.
Sobo?an, A. (2019). Turning Images into Words: Audio description in Animated Films Univerza v Mariboru]. Mariboru. https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=138970
Starr, K. (2022). Audio description for the non-blind. In The Routledge Handbook of Audio Description (pp. 476-493). Routledge.
Stephens, T. (2020). ACB Survey Finds Need for Increased Audio Description. Retrieved 25.01.2023 from https://acb.org/content/acb-survey-finds-need-increased-audio-description
Taylor, C.; Perego, E. (eds.) (2022). The Routledge Handbook of Audio Description. Abingdon; New York: Taylor & Francis.
Thomas, É. (2021). Commune de Paris. http://www.universalis-edu.com/encyclopedie/commune-de-paris-1871/
UNIFRANCE. (2007-2021). Pour la France. https://www.unifrance.org/film/51267/pour-la-france
Vercauteren, G. (2016). A Narratological Approach to Content Selection in Audio Description Universiteit Antwerpen]. Anvers.
WIKIPEDIA. (2021). https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal ?
AlloCine. (2021). http://www.allocine.fr/
Barthes, R. (1974). Théorie du texte. 1-11. http://asl.univ-montp3.fr/e41slym/Barthes_THEORIE_DU_TEXTE.pdf
Benecke, B. (2014). Audiodeskription als partielle Translation. Modell und Methode. LIT.
Benveniste, É. (1996). Problèmes de linguistique générale I. Gallimard.
Braun, S. (2008). Audiodescription Research: State of the Art and Beyond. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/30930831_Audiodescription_Research_State_of_the_Art_and_Beyond/citation/download
Bulea Bronckart, E., & Bronckart, J.-P. (2012). Les textes. Statut, conditions de production et modes d’organisation. https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:82426
Bussey, S. (2019, 27 décembre). Emerging Localization Trends for 2020. https://blog.andovar.com/emerging-localization-trends-for-2020
Calvello, M. (2020). Why Audio Descriptions Need to Be a Priority for Your Content. Retrieved 25.01.2023 from https://learn.g2.com/audio-descriptions
Chansard, V. (2019). Pour la France Gobelins, École de l'image. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1E7sv5zI8Rw
CINÉ, W. (2021). https://www.cinematheque.fr/cineweb/
COMCAST. (2018, 15 février). Survey from Comcast and AFB Gauges TV-Watching Behaviors and Awareness of Accessible Technologies. Study: Visually impaired adults tune-in to television almost as much as general public. https://www.afb.org/press-room/press-release-archive/comcast-afb-survey-tv-watching-habits
Courvalin, P. (2017). De l’image au mot : analyse comparative de l’audiodescription du film The King’s Speech en anglais, allemand, français et espagnol. Université de Leipzig. https://ul.qucosa.de/api/qucosa%3A15654/attachment/ATT-0/
Dan, S., & Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance. Communication and cognition. Basil Blackwell
Díaz Cintas, J., Matamala, A., & Neves, J. (Eds.). (2010). New Insights Into Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility?: Media for All 2. Brill.
Dosch, E. (2004). Filmbeschreibung in der Praxis. In E. Dosch & B. Benecke (Eds.), Wenn aus Bildern Worte werden. Durch Audio-Description zum Hörfilm (pp. 13-18). Bayerischer Rundfunk.
Druide Informatique. Antidote. Logiciel. Montréal.
Ducrot, O. (1980). Les mots du discours. Paris : Minuit.
Eco, U. (1985). Lector in fabula ou la coopération interprétative dans les textes littéraires. Paris : Grasset.
Eco, U. (1988 [1984]). Sémiotique et philosophie du langage. Paris : Presses universitaires de France.
Eco, U. (2008). Experiences in Translation. Toronto?; Buffalo?; Londres: University of Toronto Press.
Folkart, B. (1991). Le Conflit des énonciations. Traduction et discours rapporté. Les Éditions Balzac.
Fryer, L. (2013). An ecological approach to audio description. Psychologist, 26(6), 458–460.
Fryer, L. (2016). An Introduction to Audio Description: A practical guide. Abingdon; New York: Routledge.
Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Lawrence Erlbaum.
GOBELINS. (2021). https://www.gobelins.fr/
Gut, P. (2014). À propos du Dernier jour d’un condamné, Hugo et l’abolition de la peine de mort. http://philippegut.com/etudes/a-propos-du-dernier-jour-dun-condamne-hugo-et-labolition-de-la-peine-de-mort/
Hidalgo Valdés, V. M. (2020). Techniques d'audiodescription pour personnes aveugles ou malvoyantes. Introduction. ISTRAD.
IMDB. (2021). Internet Movie Data Base. www.imdb.com
INDEPENDENT TELEVISION COMMISSION (ITC). (2000). ITC Guidance on Standards for Audio Description. http://audiodescription.co.uk/uploads/general/itcguide_sds_audio_desc_word3.pdf.
Jakobson, R. (1959). On Linguistic Aspects of Translation. In A. F. e. al. (Ed.), OnTranslation (pp. 232–239). Harvard University Press.
Jia, H. (2017). Roman Jakobson’s Triadic Division of Translation Revisited. Chinese Semiotic Studies, 13(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/css-2017-0003
KOCH, S. (2002). Bilder zum Hören. Germanisten untersuchen „Übersetzung“ in Worte. Journal der Universität Leipzig, 6, 28.
Kristeva, J. (1969). L’engendrement de la formule In Semeiotike : recherches pour une sémanalyse (pp. 217-310). Seuil.
Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art. Columbia University Press. https://books.google.ca/books?id=d2BaPShWHR8C
Maitre, J. (2019, 6 septembre). Meet Roy Samuelson, the Voice-Over Artist Helping the Blind & Visually Impaired Experience Films. https://directorsnotes.com/2019/09/06/roy-samuelson-audio-description/
Maszerowska, A., Matamala, A., & Orero, P. (2014). Audio Description: New perspectives illustrated. John Benjamins.
MIYU. (2021). Distribution. Films d'école. https://www.miyu.fr/distribution/films-decole/
nausika. (s.d.). Pour la France: emphasising the common humanity of two opposed sides in their potential for mutual understanding and violence. https://undersoutherneyes.edpinsent.com/pour-la-france/
Piety, P. J. (2004). The language system of audio description: an investigation as a discursive process. Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 453-468.
Posadas, G. R. (2010). Audio description as a complex translation process: a protocol In J. Díaz Cintas, A. Matamala, & J. Neves (Eds.), New Insights Into Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility?: Media for All 2 (pp. 195-211). Brill Rodopi.
Raeber, T. (2012). La Théorie de la pertinence. https://www.heurisis.ch/theorie-de-la-pertinence
Rai, S., Greening, J., & Petre, L. (2010). A comparative study of audio description guidelines prevalent in different countries. http://audiodescription.co.uk/uploads/general/RNIB._AD_standards.pdf
Rastier, F. (1985). L'isotopie sémantique, du mot au texte. L'Information Grammaticale, 27, 33-36.
Reiss, K. (2002). La critique des traductions, ses possibilités et ses limites (C. Bocquet, Trans.) [traduit de l'allemand]. Artois Presses Université.
Roche, C. (2005). Terminologie et ontologie. Langages, 157, 48-62.
Sobo?an, A. (2019). Turning Images into Words: Audio description in Animated Films Univerza v Mariboru]. Mariboru. https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?id=138970
Starr, K. (2022). Audio description for the non-blind. In The Routledge Handbook of Audio Description (pp. 476-493). Routledge.
Stephens, T. (2020). ACB Survey Finds Need for Increased Audio Description. Retrieved 25.01.2023 from https://acb.org/content/acb-survey-finds-need-increased-audio-description
Taylor, C.; Perego, E. (eds.) (2022). The Routledge Handbook of Audio Description. Abingdon; New York: Taylor & Francis.
Thomas, É. (2021). Commune de Paris. http://www.universalis-edu.com/encyclopedie/commune-de-paris-1871/
UNIFRANCE. (2007-2021). Pour la France. https://www.unifrance.org/film/51267/pour-la-france
Vercauteren, G. (2016). A Narratological Approach to Content Selection in Audio Description Universiteit Antwerpen]. Anvers.
WIKIPEDIA. (2021). https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal ?
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Published
2023-04-29
How to Cite
Mihalache, I. (2023). Audio Describing an Animated Film: Challenges of a Master’s Degree Final Practical Project. Redit - Revista Electrónica De Didáctica De La Traducción Y La Interpretación, (15/16 (2021/2022), 45–76. https://doi.org/10.24310/REDIT.2022.v1iXV-XVI.16634
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