Family Firm Heterogeneity and its Effect on Strategy. The Case of the Spanish Wine Sector

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.vi.13487

Keywords:

Family firm heterogeneity, Miles and Snow strategies, Business performance, Porter strategy

Abstract

This research aims to cover some of the existing gap in the strategy of family firms literature, taking into account the heterogeneity of this kind of firms. We use a logit regression methodology in order to analyse the relationship between the strategy selected by the family firm and its performance, and whether differences exist depending on the degree of the family involvement in the firm. In order to test for our hypothesis, we use a sample of Spanish firms from the wine sector. Our results show that Porter’s cost strategy is positively related to performance for all type of family firms, and that a Miles’ analyser strategy is positively related to performance in family firms, although the effect of this strategy loses its impact as the degree of involvement of the family in the firm increases. It has also been shown that Miles’ reactive strategy, in family firms with more than fifty per cent of family involvement, negatively influences performance. In short, the results show that the strategy chosen by the family firm depends on the degree of property owned by the family.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abella, S. (2007). Recursos y estrategias de las empresas familiares manufactureras en España. Consejo Económico y Social de Aragón (CESA), Zaragoza.

Acquaah, M. (2013). Management control systems, business strategy and performance: a comparative analysis of family and non-family businesses in a transition economy in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 4(2), 131-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.03.002

Agyapong, A., & Boamah, R. B. (2013). Business strategies and competitive advantage of family hotel businesses in Ghana: the role of strategic leadership. Journal of Applied Business Research, 29(2), 531-543. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v29i2.7654

Akman, G., Özcan, B., & Hatipoglu, T. (2015). Fuzzy multicriteria decision making approach to innovative strategies based on Miles and Snow typology. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 26(3), 609-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-013-0820-4

Alkaabi, S. K., & Dixon, C. (2014). Factors affecting internationalization decision making in family businesses: an integrated literature review. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 19(2), 53-77. https://doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3709.2014.ap.00005

Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate strategy: an analytic approach to business policy for growth and expansion. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Arosa, B., Iturralde, T., & Maseda, A. (2009). Ownership structure, insiders ownership and firm performance in Spanish non-listed firms (November 13, 2009). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1505308 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1505308

Arregle J. L., Duran, P., Hitt, M. A., & van Essen, M. (2017). Why is family firms’ internationalization unique? A meta-analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(5), 801-831. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12246

Arregle, J. L., Hitt, M. A., & Sirmon, P. (2007). The development of organizational social capital: attributes of family firms. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 73-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00665.x

Astrachan, J. H. (2010). Strategy in family business: toward a multidimensional research agenda. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.02.001

Astrachan, J. H., Klein, S. B., & Smyrnos, K. X. (2002). The F-PEC scale of family influence: a proposal for solving the family business definition problem. Family Business Review, 15(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00045.x

Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139-1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863

Besanko, D., Dranove, D., Shanley, M., & Schaefer, S. (2009). The economics of strategy (5th ed.). Unites State of America: John Wiley & Sons.

Brenes, E., Montoya, D., & Ciravegna, L. (2014). Differentiation strategies in emerging markets: the case of Latin American agribusinesses. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 847-855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.07.003

Bresciani S., Giacosa E., Broccardo L., & Culasso F. (2016). The family variable in the French and Italian wine sector. EuroMed Journal of Business, 11(1), 101-118. https://doi/10.1108/EMJB-03-2015-0012

Cabello-Medina, C., García-Rodríguez, M., Jiménez-Jiménez, A., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2000). Tipología estratégica de Miles y Snow y factores competitivos: un análisis empírico. Cuadernos de Economía y Dirección de la Empresa, 7, 365-381.

Camisón, C., Simón, F. G., & Marqués, D. P. (2007). Estrategias competitivas y desempeño empresarial: estudio comparativo de los modelos de Robinson & Pearce y Miles & Snow en el sector hotelero español. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13(3), 161-182.

Capbell-Hunt, C. (2000). What have we learned about generic competitive strategy? A meta-analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 21(2), 127-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200002)21:2<127::AID-SMJ75>3.0.CO;2-1

Carney, M. (2005). Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family–controlled firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00081.x

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Sharma, P. (2005). Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(5), 555-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00098.x

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402

Comino-Jurado, M., Sánchez-Andújar, S., & Parrado-Martínez, P. (2021). Do dissimilarities in the family involvement in family firms lead to different levels of indebtedness? Evidence from Spain. Management Decision, 59(12), 2891-2906. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2020-0582

Corbetta, G., & Salvato, C. (2004). Self–serving or self–actualizing? Models of man and agency costs in different types of family firms: A commentary on “comparing the agency costs of family and non–family firms: Conceptual issues and exploratory evidence”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 355-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00050.x

Craig, J., & Dibrell, C. (2006). The natural environment, innovation, and firm performance: a comparative study. Family Business Review, 19(4), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00075.x

Daily, C. M., & Dollinger, M. J. (1993). Alternative methodologies for identifying family – versus non family – managed businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 31(2), 79-90.

Daily, C., & Thomson, S. (1994). Ownership structure, strategic posture and the firm growth: an empirical examinations. Family Business Review, 7(3), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00237.x

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Majocchi, A., & Piscitello, L. (2018). Family firms in the global economy: toward a deeper understanding of internationalization determinants, processes, and outcomes. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1199

De Massis, A., Kotlar, J., Chua, J. H., & Chrisman, J. J. (2014). Ability and willingness as sufficiency conditions for family–oriented particularistic behavior: Implications for theory and empirical studies. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 344–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12102

Dess, G. G., & Davis, P. S. (1984). Porter’s (1980) generic strategies as determinants of strategic group membership and organizational performance. Academy of Management Journal, 27(3), 467-488. https://doi.org/10.5465/256040

Diéguez-Soto, J., López-Delgado, P., & Rojo-Ramírez, A. (2015). Identifying and classifying family businesses. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 603-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-014-0128-6

Donckels, R., & Fröhlich, E. (1991). Are family business really different? European experiences from STRATOS. Family Business Review, 4(2), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1991.00149.x

Duquesnois, F., Gurau, C., & Le Roy, F. (2014). Wine producers’ strategic response to a crisis situation. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 22(3), 251-268. https://doi.org/10.1108/17511061011075383

Dyer, W. G. (2006). Examining the “family effect” on firm performance. Family Business Review, 19(4), 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00074.x

Federación Española del Vino. El sector encifras. Available at http://www.fev.es/sector-cifras/ (accessed 02/25/2022).

Ferrer-Lorenzo, J. R. (2018). Factores de competitividad del sector vitivinícola español. PhD Thesis, University of Zaragoza. Available at: https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/101148/files/TESIS-2021-120.pdf?version=1 (last accessed: March 2022).

Ferrer, J. R., Abella-Garcés, S., & Maza-Rubio, M. T. (2020). Human resource practices and performance in small Spanish wineries, and their evolution with age and size. Ciencia e Tecnica Vitivinicola, 35(2), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv20203502107

Ferrer, J. R., Abella-Garcés, S., & Maza, M. T. (2019). Spanish wine cooperatives’ business performance: innovation capabilities and Miles and Snow strategies. Journal of Wine Economics, 14(4), 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2019.36

Ferrer-Lorenzo, J. R., Abella-Garcés, S., & Maza-Rubio, M. T. (2017). Competitive advantage differences between firms belonging to a business group and independent companies in the Spanish wine industry. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales, 17(2), 105-132. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2017.02.05

Ferrer-Lorenzo, J. R., Maza-Rubio, M. T., & Abella-Garcés, S. (2018). Capacidades y estrategias de Miles y Snow en el sector del vino en España. Grupos vs. bodegas independientes. Revista Española de Estudios Agrosociales y Pesqueros, 250, 95-125.

Fuentes-Lombardo, G., Hernández-Ortiz, M. J., & Vallejo-Martos, M. C. (2008). Reasons to grow in the family firm: a comparative analysis. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 14(3), 15-34.

Gallucci, C., Santulli, R., & Calabrò, A. (2015). Does family involvement foster or hinder firm performance? The missing role of family-based branding strategies. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 6(3), 155- 165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2015.07.003

Gallucci, C., & D’Amato, A. (2013). Exploring nonlinear effects of family power on the performance of Italian wine businesses. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 25(3), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-2012-0017

Gilbert, X., & Strebel, P. (1988). Developing competitive advantage. In J. B. Quinn, H. Mintzberg, & R. M. James (Eds.), The Strategy Process (pp. 82-93). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Cruz, C., Berrone, P., & De Castro, J. (2011). The bind that ties: socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653-707. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.593320

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemocional wealth and business risk in family –controlled firms: evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106-137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106

Gudmundson, D., Hartman, E. A., & Tower, C. B. (1999). Strategic orientation: differences between family and nonfamily firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00027.x

Gudmunson, D., Tower, C. B., & Hartman, E. A. (2003). Innovation in small business: culture and ownership structure do matter. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneursip, 8(1), 1-17.

Habbershon, T., & Williams, M. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00001.x

Harris, R., Martínez, J., & Ward, J. L. (1994). Is strategy different for the family-owned business? Family Business Review, 7(2), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1994.00159.x

Hernández-Linares, R., Sarkar, S., & López-Fernández, M.C. (2017). How has the family firm literature addressed its heterogeneity through classification systems? An integrated analysis. European Journal of Family Business, 7(1-2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.06.003

Hoetker, G. (2007). The use of logit and probit models in strategic management research: critical issues. Strategic Management Journal, 28(4), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.582

Hoffman, J., Hoelscher, M., & Sorenson, R. (2006). Achieving sustained competitive advantage: A family capital theory. Family Business Review, 19(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00065.x

Lin, C., Tsai, H. L., & Wu, J. C. (2014). Collaboration strategy decision-making using the Miles and Snow typoloty. Journal of Business Research, 67(9), 1979-1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.013

Lin, W. T., & Wang, L. C. (2021). Family firms, R&D, and internationalization: the stewardship and socio-emotional wealth perspectives. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38(1), 91-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9636-2

Lindow, C. M., Stubner, S., & Wulf, T. (2010). Strategic fit within family firms: the role of family influence and the effect on performance. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(3), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2010.08.004

Madison, K., Runyan, R. C., & Swinney, J. L. (2014). Strategic posture and performance: revealing differences between family and nonfamily firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(3), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.11.006

Martinsons, M. G., Davison, R. M., & Huang, Q. (2017). Strategic knowledge management failures in small professional service firms in China. International Journal of Information Management, 37(4), 327-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.04.003

Maury, B. (2006). Family ownership and firm performance: empirical evidence from Western European corporations. Journal of Corporate Finance, 12(2), 321-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2005.02.002

Mazzi, C. (2011). Family business and financial performance: current state of knowledge and future research challenges. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(3), 166-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.07.001

Mccann III, J. E., Leon?Guerrero, A. Y., & Haley Jr, J. D. (2001). Strategic goals and practices of innovative family businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(1), 50-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/0447-2778.00005

Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., & Coleman, H. J. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure and process. Academy of Management Review, 3(3), 546-562. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1978.4305755

Miller, D., Amore, M. D., Le Breton-Miller, I., Minichilli, A., & Quarato, F. (2018). Strategic distinctiveness in family firms: firm institutional heterogeneity and configurational multidimensionality. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 9(1), 16-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2018.01.004

Miller, D., Lee, J., Chang, S., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2009). Filling the institutional void: the social behavior and performance of family versus non-family technology firms in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 40(5), 802-817. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2009.11

Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2005). Managing for the long run: Lessons in competitive advantage from great family businesses. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.

Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. (2013). Family firm governance, strategic conformity, and performance: institutional vs. strategic perspectives. Organization Science, 24(1), 189-209. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0728

Mintzberg, H. (2009). Managing. San Franscisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.

Mintzberg, H., Ahlstrand, B., & Lampel, J. (1998). Strategy safari. A guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. New York, NY: Free Press.

Mitter, C., Duller, C., Feldbauer-Durstmüller, B., & Kraus, S. (2014). Internationalization of family firms: the effect of ownership and governance. Review of Managerial Science, 8(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-012-0093-x

Molly, V., Uhlaner, L. M., De Massis, A., & Laveren, E. (2019). Family-centered goals, family board representation, and debt financing. Small Business Economics, 53(1), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-0058-9

Moores, K. (2009). Paradigms and theory building in the domain of business families. Family Business Review, 22(2), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509333372

Newbert, S., & Craig, J. B. (2017). Moving beyond socioemotional wealth: toward a normative theory of decision making in family business. Family Business Review, 30(4), 339-346. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486517733572

Newton, S. K., Gilinsky, A., & Jordan, D. (2015). Differentiation strategies and winery financial performance: an empirical investigation. Wine Economics and Policy, 4(2), 88-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2015.10.001

Nordqvist, M., Sharma, P., & Chirico, F. (2014). Family firm heterogeneity and governance: a configuration approach. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 192-209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12096

OEMV (2016). Principales tendencias de los mercados mundiales de vino. Available at: http://www.omev.es/esp/-oemv.php (Date of consultation: January 2019, 2022)

OIV International Organisation of Vine and Wine (2019). Statistical Report on World Vitiviniculture. https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/6782/oiv-2019-statistical-report-on-world-vitiviniculture.pdf (last accessed: March 2022)

OIV International Organisation of Vine and Wine (2020). State of the World Vitinicultural Sector 2019. https://www.oiv.int/js/lib/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=/public/medias/7298/oiv-state-of-the-vitivinicultural-sector-in-2019.pdf (last accessed: January 2021)

Pacheco, L. M. (2017). Internationalization vs family ownership and management: the case of Portuguese wine firms. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 29(2), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-10-2016-0034

Panikos, P., Savva, C. S., & Hadjielias, E. (2015). Family involvement and firm performance: evidence from UK listed firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 6(1), 14-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2014.12.001

Planellas, M. (2017). The evolution of strategy (over six decades and thirty models). ESADE Working Papers Series, nº 262. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2926938 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2926938

Porter, M. E. (1980). Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. Competitives strategy. New York, NY: Free Press.

Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, NY: Free Press.

Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74, 61-78.

Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: towards methodological best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308330560

Robinson, R. B., & Pierce, J. A. (1988). Planned patterns of strategic behavior and their relationship to business-unit performance. Strategic Management Journal, 9(1), 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250090105

Rubio Bañón, A., & Aragón Sánchez, A. (2002). Factores explicativos del éxito competitive. Un studio empírico en la pyme. Cuadernos de Gestión, 2(1), 49-63.

Ruiz Ortega, M. J. (2010). Competitive strategies and firm performance: technological capabilities’ moderatin roles. Journal of Business Research, 63(12), 1273-1281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.09.007

Salas, V., & Galve, C. (2003). La empresa familiar en España. Fundamentos económicos y resultados. Bilbao, SP: Fundación BBVA. Available at: https://www.fbbva.es/wp-content/uploads/2003/06/DE_2003_La_empresa_familiar_en_Espana_Galve_y_Salas.pdf (last accessed: March, 2022).

Santos, J. B., & Brito, L. A. L. (2012). Towarsd a subjective measurement model for firm performance. BAR- Brazilian Administration Review, 9(special issue), 95-117.

Serrano R., Fernández-Olmos M., & Pinilla V. (2018). Internationalization and performance in agri-food firms. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 16(2), e0107. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018162-12206

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. (1997). Strategic management of the family business: past research and future challenges. Family Business Review, 10(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00001.x

Simon, F. G., & Marqués, D. P. (2005). Los patrones de comportamiento estratégico en el sector hotelero español: una validación del modelo de Robinson y Pierce. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(2), 99-117.

Sirmon, D., Arrègle, J. L., Hitt, P., & Very, P. (2008). The role of family influence in firms’ strategic response to threat of imitation. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 32(6), 979-998. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00267.x

Snow, C. C., & Hrebiniak, L. G. (1980). Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 25(2), 317-336.

Soler, I. P., Gemar, G., & Guerrero-Murillo, R. (2017). Family and non-family business behavior in the wine sector: a comparative study. European Journal of Family Business, 7(1-2), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfb.2017.11.001

Spanos, Y. E., & Lioukas, S. (2001). An examination into the causal logic of rent generation: contrasting Porter’s competitive strategy framework and the resource-based perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 22(10), 907-934. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.174

Suárez, F. F. (1994). La competitividad de las empresas, evolución, imperativos es-tratégicos y características de la organización exitosa de hoy. Estudios Públicos, 54, 151-174.

Tagiuri, R., & Davis, J. A. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the famiy firm. Family Business Review, 9(2), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x

Tanewski, G. A., Prajogo, D., & Sohal, A. (2003). Strategic orientation and innovation performance between family and non-family firms. Presented at the 48th World Conference of the International Council of Small Business, Monash University, Belfast, 15-18 June,

van Essen, M., Carney, M., Gedajlovic, E. R., & Heugens, P. P. M. A. R. (2015). How does family control influence firm strategy and performance? A meta-analysis of US publicly listed firms. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 23(1), 3-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12080

Villalonga, B., & Amit, R. (2006). How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value? Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2), 385-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005

Von Neuman, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1945). Theory of games and economic behavior. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 51(7), 498-504.

Walker, R. M. (2013). Strategic management and performance in public organizations: findings from the Miles and Snow framework. Public Administration Review, 73(5), 675-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12073

Ward, J. L. (1997). Growing the family business: special challenges and best practices. Family Business Review, 10(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1997.00323.x

Ward, J. L. (1988). The special role of strategic planning for family business. Family Business Review, 1(1), 105-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1988.00105.x

Westhead, P. (1997). Ambitions, `external´environment and strategic factor differences between family and non-family companies. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 9(2), 127-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629700000007

Woodfild, P., & Husted, K. (2017). Intergenerational knowledge sharing in family firms: Case-based evidence from the New Zealand wine industry. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 8(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2017.01.001

Zahra, S. A. (2005). Entrepreneurial risk taking in family firms. Family Business Review, 18(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2005.00028.x

Downloads

Published

2022-03-23

How to Cite

Abella-Garcés, S., & Ferrer, J. R. (2022). Family Firm Heterogeneity and its Effect on Strategy. The Case of the Spanish Wine Sector . European Journal of Family Business, 12(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.vi.13487

Issue

Section

Research article