Relación entre el desarrollo del lenguaje y las funciones ejecutivas en sujetos de 0 a 6 años. Una revisión sistemática

Laura Abellán Roselló

doi:10.24310/IJNE.10.2022.15730

Autores/as

Laura Abellán Roselló Universitat Jaume I España https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-9024

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/IJNE.10.2022.15730

Palabras clave:

desarrollo del lenguaje, funciones ejecutivas, primera infancia

Resumen

El presente estudio trata de situar los conocimientos actuales sobre cómo se relacionan las funciones ejecutivas y el lenguaje a través de la revisión de la literatura científica actual. Para ello, hemos revisado un total de 18 artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2020, los cuales relacionan el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas y el lenguaje en el rango de edad comprendido entre 0 y 6 años. Los hallazgos obtenidos muestran una relación significativa entre las funciones ejecutivas y el desarrollo del lenguaje. Concretamente, los resultados relacionan el desarrollo del lenguaje con la atención, la memoria de trabajo y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Esta relación es débil debido a la naturaleza multifactorial. La mayoría de los estudios correlacionan las funciones ejecutivas con el vocabulario obviando el resto de componentes del lenguaje, pero los resultados manifiestan que esa relación no es estable en el tiempo. La sintaxis y la compresión también relacionan significativamente con la flexibilidad cognitiva y la memoria de trabajo, pero indirectamente con la inhibición. Como conclusión, se extrae que el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas y el lenguaje están relacionados positivamente, pero, en ese desarrollo, intervienen más factores los cuales deben incluirse en el estudio para poder ser explicado.

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Biografía del autor/a

Laura Abellán Roselló, Universitat Jaume I

Laura Abellán Roselló, doctora en Educación por la Universidad de Valencia. Licenciada en Psicología y Máster en Psicopatología, salud y neuropsicología por la Universidad Jaume I. En el año 2012 inicié mi primera línea de investigación sobre aprendizaje y motivación educativa siguiendo el Modelo de Calidad de Situación Educativa (MOCSE), a la que se suman otras líneas como Dificultades de Aprendizaje, concretamente en establecer cómo predictores de acceso al léxico y a las matemáticas en Educación Infantil pueden prevenir problemas de rendimiento académico en Educación Primaria.

Tengo dedicación completa como PDI desde el curso 2018/2019 en la Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR). Además, soy profesora asociada en la Universidad Jaime I desde el curso 2016/2017 y he trabajado en la Universidad Antonio de Nebrija como profesora asociada durante el curso 2018/2019 y en la Universidad Internacional de Valencia durante el curso 2019/2020.

Durante mi trayectoria profesional he publicado diversos artículos en revistas nacionales e internacionales de prestigio, he realizado varias estancias de investigación y he participado en Congresos Internacionales, aportando comunicaciones de interés científico. Adicionalmente, he participado como investigadora-colaboradora en un proyecto de innovación educativa financiado por la Universidad Internacional de La Rioja. Por último, he realizado tareas de revisora en revistas nacionales e internacionales de calidad investigativa.

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