Dilucidando la heterogeneidad de la empresa familiar: Evidencia de un análisis multi-país
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfb.13.2.2023.17638Palabras clave:
empresa familiar, gobierno corporativo, tipología, emprendimiento transgeneracional, objetivos no financieros, desempeño empresarial, contexto de la empresa familiarResumen
Las tipologías de la empresa familiar tienen como objetivo mejorar la comprensión sobre su heterogeneidad. Sin embargo, las tipologías existentes a día de hoy no han logrado explorar a fondo, ni predecir los comportamientos y el desempeño asociados a cada tipo de empresa. Además, la mayoría de estas tipologías han sido empíricamente testadas en empresas pertenecientes a un único país. Para abordar estas dos brechas en la investigación, utilizamos una muestra de 814 pequeñas y medianas empresas familiares de 21 países, recopiladas por el consorcio de investigadores y universidades (Proyecto STEP). Esta muestra la empleamos para clasificar las empresas familiares en función de sus similitudes en relación a su gobierno corporativo y explorar sus patrones de comportamiento y de desempeño. Basándonos en los principios del enfoque configurativo, hallamos cuatro tipos de empresa familiar con una combinación única pero similar de patrones en términos de prácticas empresariales transgeneracionales, consecución de objetivos económicos y no económicos. Asimismo, ampliando el efecto isomórfico, hallamos evidencia que indica que ciertas macrorregiones mundiales presentan una mayor propensión a configuraciones específicas de gobierno corporativo en comparación con otras.
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