Family Involvement in Governance of Family Business Groups

Authors

  • Özlem Yildirim-Öktem Bogazici University. Department of International Trade Hisar Campus Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v8i1.5002

Keywords:

Family business groups, Emerging economy, Governance, Family involvement, Board of directors
Agencies: No

Abstract

The paper analyzes the pervasiveness of family board memberships within family business groups (FBGs), which are large and diversified form of family businesses dominant in emerging economies. The data pertain to 2017 and include board information on 640 firms affiliated to the largest 26 FBGs in Turkey. The study cluster analyzes the FBGs according to family involvement in their governance. Derived from different theoretical lenses, it also aims to identify the variables that condition different clusters. Results show that several decades after liberalization, families still control the groups pervasively though with varying degrees. Regarding the extent of family involvement in governance, different clusters are identified as tight control, vertical control, and loose control. Ownership structure emerges as the main antecedent that differentiates FBGs in different clusters.  

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Biggart, Nicole W. (1990). Institutionalized patrimonialism in Korean business. In Craig C. (Ed), Comparative Social Research (pp. 113–133). JAI Press Inc.

Bugra, A. (1994). State and Business in Modern Turkey: A Comparative Study. New York: State University of New York Press.

Chang, S. (2006). Introduction: Business groups in East Asia. In S. Chang (Ed.), Business groups in East Asia: Financial crisis, restructuring and new growth (pp. 1–26). New York: Oxford University Press.

Chang, James J. and Hyun-Han Shin (2006), Governance system effectiveness following the crisis: The case of Korean business group headquarters, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 14(2), 85-97.

Chung, C.N. & Mahmood, I.P. (2010). Business Groups in Taiwan. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 180-209). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Colpan, A.M. (2010). Business Groups in Turkey. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 486-525). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Davis, G.F., Diekman, K.A., and Tinsley, C.H. (1994). The decline and fall of the conglomerate form in the 1980s: The deinstitutionalization of an organizational form. American Sociological Review, 59(4), 547-570.

Estrin, S., & Prevezer, M. (2011). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific journal of management, 28(1), 41-67.

Fiegener, M. K., Brown, B.M., Dreux, D.R., & Dennis, W. J. (2000). The adoption of outside boards by small private US firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 12, 291–309.

Finkelstein, S. (1992). “Power in Top Management Teams: Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation,” Academy of Management Journals, 35, 505-538.

Finkelstein, S. & Hambrick, D. (1996). Strategic Leadership: Top Executives and Their Effects on Organizations. West Publishing Company, St Paul, MN.

Fracchia, L., Mesquita, L., and Quiroga, J. (2010). Business Groups in Argentina. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 325-352). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Garg, M., & Delios, A. (2007). Survival of the foreign subsidiaries of TMNCs: The influence of business group affiliation. Journal of International Management, 13(3), 278-295.

Gedajlovic, E., Lubatkin, M. H., &. Schulze, W. S. (2004). Crossing the threshold from founder management to professional management: a governance perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 41, 899–912.

Granovetter, M. (1995). Coase revisited: Business groups in the modern economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 4(1), 93-130.

Guillen, M. F. (2000). Business groups in emerging economies: A resource-based view. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 362-380.

Hambrick, D.C. (1981). Environment, Strategy, and Power within Top Management Teams, Administrative Science Quarterly, 26: 253-276.

Hoshino, T. (2010). Business Groups in Mexico. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 424-457). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Istanbul Chamber of Industry (2016). Turkey’s top 500 industrial enterprises-2016. www.iso.org.tr

Khanna, T., & Rivkin, J. W. (2001). Estimating the performance effects of business groups in emerging markets. Strategic Management Journal, 45-74.

Khanna, T., & Yafeh, Y. (2007). Business groups in emerging markets: Paragons or parasites? Journal of Economic Literature, 45(2), 331-372.

Kim, H. (2010). Business Groups in South Korea. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 157-179). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kim, H., Kim, H., Hoskisson, R.E. (2010). Does market-oriented institutional change in an emerging economy make business-group-affiliated multinationals perform better? An institution-based view. Journal of International Business, 41, 1141-1160.

Lefort, F. (2010). Business Groups in Chile. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 387-423). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Luo, Xiaowei and Chi-Nien Chung (2005). Keeping it all in the family: The role of particularistic relationships in business group performance during institutional transition. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(3), 404-439.

Lynall, M. D., Golden, B.R., & Hillman, A.J. (2003). Board composition from adolescence to maturity: a multitheoretic view. Academy of Management Review, 28, 416–431.

Meyer, J.W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and CeremonyAuthor. The American Journal of Sociology, 83 (2), 340-363.

OECD (2012), Board Member Nomination and Election, OECD Publishing, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264179356-en

OECD (2017), OECD Survey of Corporate Governance Frameworks in Asia, OECD Publishing, http://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/

Orrù, M., Biggart, N.W. & Hamilton, G.G. (1991). Organizational Isomorphism in East Asia. In Walter W. Powell & Paul J. DiMaggio (Eds), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (pp. 361-389). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Öni?, Z. (2011). Power, Interests and Coalitions: The Political Economy of Mass Privatization in Turkey. Third World Quarterly, 32 (4), 707-724.

Peng, M. W. (2004). Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 453–71.

Sarkar, J. (2010). Business Groups in India. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 294-323). Oxford: Oxford University Press

Schulze, W. S., & Gedajlovic, E. R. (2010). Whither family business? Journal ofManagement Studies, 47(2), 191-204.

Selekler-Goksen, S., Yildirim-Öktem, Ö. (2017). A literature review on the internationalization of family business groups. EIASM 13th Workshop on Family Firm Management Research. Bilbao, Spain.Selekler-Gök?en, N. and Yildirim-Öktem, Ö. (2009). “Countervailing institutional works: Corporate governance in Turkish Family Business Groups”, Journal of Management and Governance, 13 (3), 193-213.

Thompson, James D. (1967), Organizations in Action, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Tsui-Auch, L. S., & Lee, Y. (2003). The state matters: Management models of Singaporean Chinese and Korean business groups. Organization Studies, 24(4), 507–534.

Üsdiken, Ü., Yildirim-Öktem, Ö., Senol, F.N. (2015) "Getting into the inner circle: Professional managers in Turkish family business groups", METU Studies in Development, 42 (3).

Vieregger, C., Larson, E.C., & Anderson, P.C. (2007). Top Management Team Structure and Resource Reallocation Within the Multibusiness Firm, Journal of Management, 43 (8), 2497-2525.

Voordeckers, W., Van Gils A., & Van den Heuven, J. (2017). Board Composition in Small and Medium-Sized Family Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 45(1), 137–156.

Wailerdsak, N. & Suehiro, A. (2010). Business Groups in Thailand. In A.M. Colpan, T. Hikino, & J.R. Lincoln (Eds), The Oxford Handbook of Business Groups (pp. 237-265). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Yildirim-Öktem, Ö. (2010). Generational differences in involvement of family members in governance and management of Turkish family business groups and background characteristics of family members, Bogazici Journal, 24 (1-2), 41-66.

Yildirim-Öktem, Ö., & Üsdiken, B. (2010). Contingencies versus external pressure: professionalization in boards of firms affiliated to family business groups in late-industrializing countries. British Journal of Management, 21(1), 115-130

Young, M. N., Peng, M. W., Ahlstrom, D., Bruton, G. D. & Jiang, Y. (2008). Corporate governance in emerging economies: a review of the principal–principal perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 45, pp. 196–220.

Downloads

Published

2018-06-30

How to Cite

Yildirim-Öktem, Özlem. (2018). Family Involvement in Governance of Family Business Groups. European Journal of Family Business, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.24310/ejfbejfb.v8i1.5002

Issue

Section

Research paper (SI)

Similar Articles

1 2 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.