The Significance of the Lineage: Venetian Ambassadors in Madrid during the Reign of Philip IV (1621-1665)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/BAETICA.2019.v0i39.7086Keywords:
Venice, ambassadors, Collegio, Senate, cursus honorumAbstract
In this paper we will endeavor to inquire the origin and political career of the Venetian ambassadors in the Spanish court during the reign of Philip IV, as well as delimit the essential elements in the face of their election as legacies of the Serenissima. In view of this, it should be noted that, in regard to electoral processes, Venetian law was extremely stern: seeking to limit the presence of members of the same household in the different embassies or to reduce the prominence of non-institutional relations, whom were considered corruption. Notwithstanding, in the following pages we will try to highlight the ineffectiveness of these regulatory mechanisms to minimize the influence of personal and family interests in order to obtain such important representation positions.
Downloads
Metrics
References
ALONGE, Guillaume (2019), Ambasciatori. Diplomazia e politica nella Venezia del Rinascimento, Donzelli, Roma.
ANDRETTA, Stefano (1978), La diplomazia veneziana e la pace di Vestfalia (1643-1648), Annuario dell’istituto storico italiano per l’età moderna e contemporanea, Roma.
– (2000), La Repubblica inquieta. Venezia nel Seicento tra Italia ed Europa, Carocci, Roma.
– (2008), “Relaciones con Venecia”, en J. MARTÍNEZ MILLÁN y M.ª A. VISCEGLIA (dirs.), La monarquía de Felipe III, Fundación Mapfre, Madrid, vol. IV, pp. 1075-1092.
– (2010), “Forme della comunicazione diplomatica in un contesto di crisi: gli ambasciatori veneziani durante la Fronda parlamentare a Parigi (1648-49)”, en S. ANDRETTA et alii (eds.), Paroles de négociateurs: L’entretien dans la pratique diplomatique de la fin du Moyen Age à la fin du XIXe siècle, École française de Rome, Roma, pp. 193-211.
– (2017), “Giovani and vecchi: the factionary spirit in 16th and 17th centuries patrician Venice between myth and reality”, en R. GONZÁLEZ CUERVA y A. KOLLER (eds.), A Europe of courts, a Europe of factions. Political groups at Early Modern centres of power (1550-1700), Brill, Leiden, pp. 176-196.
BAROZZI, Nicolo y BERCHET, Guglielmo (1856), Relazioni degli stati europei lette al Senato dagli ambasciatori veneti nel secolo decimosettimo, Serie I: Spagna, vol. I, P. Naratovich, Venecia.
BENZONI, Gino (1988), “Venezia e la Spagna nel Seicento”, en Venezia e la Spagna, Banca Cattolica, Milán, pp. 155-178.
BÉLY, Lucien (2009), Turcs et turqueries (XVIe-XVIIIe siècles), Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, París.
BENZONI, Gino (1990), “Ranke’s Favourite Source: The Venetian Relazioni, Impression with Allusions to Later Historiography”, en G. G. IGGERS y J. M. POWELL (eds.), Leopold von Ranke and the shaping of the historical discipline, Syracuse University Press, Siracusa (Nueva York), pp. 45-58.
BESTA, Enrico (1899), Il senato veneziano (origine, costituzione, attribuzioni e riti), La Società, Venecia.
BOUWSMA, William J. (1968), Venice and the Defense of Republican Liberty. Renaissance Values in the Age of the Counter Reformation, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Ángeles.
BROWN, Patricia F. (1987), “Honour and Necessity: The Dynamics of Patronage in the Confraternities of Renaissance Venice”, Studi Veneziani, 14, pp. 179-212.
BUNES IBARRA, Miguel Ángel de (2001), “Carlos V, Venecia y la Sublime Puerta la embajada de Diego Hurtado de Mendoza en Venecia”, en J. MARTÍNEZ MILLÁN e I. J. EZQUERRA REVILLA (coords.), Carlos V y la quiebra del humanismo político en Europa (1530-1558), vol. I, Sociedad Estatal para la Conmemoración de los Centenarios de Felipe II y Carlos V, Madrid, pp. 591-618.
CAMPANA, Carlo (2001), “Les ambassadeurs de Venise, acteurs et sources de l’Histoire”, en M. VAILLON-SCHONEVELD (ed.), L’histoire et les historiens au XVIe siècle, Université, Saint-Étienne, pp. 43-58.
CANALI, Pierluigi y CURTI, Laura (1988), “Nascita, matrimoni, cursus honorum nel patriziato veneziano”, Mélanges de l’École française de Rome, 100, pp. 137-146.
CARRIÓ-INVERNIZZI, Diana (2013), “Diplomacia informal y cultura de las apariencias en al Italia española”, en C. BRAVO LOZANO y R. QUIRÓS ROSADO (eds.), En tierra de confluencias. Italia y la Monarquía de España siglos XVI-XVIII, Albatros Ediciones, Madrid, pp. 99-110.
– (2014), “A New Diplomatic History and the Networks of Spanish Diplomacy in the Baroque Era”, The International History Review, 36/4, pp. 603-618.
– (2016), “Introducción”, en D. CARRIÓ-INVERNIZZI (dir.), Embajadores culturales. Transferencias y lealtades de la diplomacia española de la Edad Moderna, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, pp. 17- 34.
COZZI, Gaetano; KNAPTON, Michael; SCARBELLO, Giovanni (1992), “La Repubblica di Venezia nell’età moderna. Dal 1517 alla fine della Repubblica”, en G. GALASSO (dir.), Storia d’Italia, vol. XII, t. II, UTET, Turín.
CROUZET-PAVAN, Elisabeth (1999), Venise triomphante. Les horizons d’un mythe, Albin Michel, París.
DESCENDRE, Romain (2007), “Analyse géopolitique et diplomatie au XVIe siècle. La qualification de l’ennemi dans les relazioni des ambassadeurs vénitiens”, Astérion, 5. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/asterion/724 (consulta: 5-11-2019).
Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Istituto dell’Enciclopedia italiana, Roma, 1960-presente. URL: http://www.treccani.it/biografie/
DURSTELER, Eric D. (2011), “Describing or distorting the turk?: the Relazioni of the venetian ambassadors in Constantinople as Historical Source”, Acta Histriae 19, pp. 231-248.
FASOLI, Gina (1958a), La Storia di Venezia, Editrice R. Patrón, Bolonia.
– (1958b), “Nascita di un mito”, en VV. AA., Studi storici in onore di Gioacchino Volpe, vol. I, G.C. Sansoni, Florencia, pp. 445-479.
DIEHL, Charles (1967), La république de Venise, Flammarion, París.
ELLIOT, John H. y PEÑA, José F. de la (1978), Memoriales y cartas del Conde Duque de Olivares, Alfaguara, Madrid.
GAETA, Franco (1961), “Alcune considerazioni sul mito di Venezia”, Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance, 23, pp. 58-75.
GILMORE, Myron P. (1973), “Myth and Reality in Venetian political theory”, en J. R. HALE (dir.), Renaissance Venice, Rowman & Littlefield, Londres, pp. 431-444.
GONZÁLEZ CUERVA, Rubén (2012), Baltasar de Zúñiga. Una encrucijada de la Monarquía Hispana (1561-1622), Polifemo, Madrid.
HAITSMA MULIER, Eco O. G. (1980), The myth of Venice and the Dutch Republican Thought in the Seventeenth Century, Van Gorcum, Assen.
HUNECKE, Volker (1997) Il patriziato veneziano alla fine della Repubblica, 1646-1797. Demografia, famiglia, ménage, Jouvence, Roma.
LANE, Frederic C (1973), Venice. A maritime republic, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
– (1978), Storia di Venezia, G. Einaudi, Turín.
LEVIN, Michael J. (2005), Agents of Empire: Spanish Ambassadors in Sixteenth-century Italy, Cornell University Press, Ítaca (Nueva York) y Londres.
MANDELLI, Vittorio (2012), “Leonardo Moro”, en Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 77, Istituto dell’Enciclopedia italiana, Roma. URL: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/leonardo-moro_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ (consulta: 5-11-2019).
MARÉCHAUX, Benoît (2012), “Negociar, disuadir y comunicar para la conservación y reputación de la Monarquía: la república de Venecia en las estrategias de la Pax Hispánica bajo el valimiento de Lerma”, en B. GARCÍA GARCÍA, M. HERRERO SÁNCHEZ y A. HUGON (dirs.), El arte de la prudencia. La Tregua de los Doce Años en la Europa de los Pacificadores, Fundación Carlos de Amberes, Madrid, pp. 91-120.
MARTÍNEZ MILLÁN, José (1996), “Las investigaciones sobre patronazgo y clientelismo en la administración”, Studia Historica. Historia Moderna, 15, pp. 83-106.
MIRANDA RUBIO, Francisco (1994), “La nueva historia política”, Estudios de ciencias sociales, 7, pp. 199-212.
MOSTO, Andrea da (1937), L’Archivio di Stato di Venezia. Indice generale, storico, descrittivo ed analitico, t. I, Biblioteca d’Arte Editrice, Roma.
MUIR, Edward (1987), Civil ritual in Renaissance Venice, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
NEGREDO DEL CERRO, Fernando (2016), La guerra de los Treinta Años. Una visión desde la Monarquía Hispánica, Síntesis, Madrid.
OCHOA BRUN, Miguel Ángel (2005), “Los embajadores de Felipe IV”, en J. ALCALÁ-ZAMORA Y QUEIPO DE LLANO, Felipe IV: el hombre y el reinado, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, pp. 199-234.
PANTALACCI, Jean-Pierre (2009), “Le personnel diplomatique vénitien à travers l’Europe, dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle”, Cahiers de la Méditerranée, 78/II, pp. 263-277.
PETITJEAN, Johann (2013), L’intelligence des choses: une histoire de l’information entre Italie et Méditerranée (XVIe-XVIIe siècles), École française de Rome, Roma.
POVOLO, Claudio (1983), “Alvise Corner”, en Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, vol. 29, Istituto dell’Enciclopedia italiana, Roma. URL: http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alvise-corner_res-43781650-87eb-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/ (consulta: 5-11-2019).
POUMARE?DE, Ge?raud (2000), “La question d’Orient au temps de Westphalie”, en L. BÉLY (coord.), L’Europe des traites de Westphalie, Esprit de la diplomatie et diplomatie de l’esprit, Presses Universitaires de France, París, pp. 363-390.
PRETO, Paolo (1994), I servizi segreti di Venezia. Spionaggio e controspionaggio ai tempi della Serenissima, Il Saggiatore, Milán.
QUELLER, Donald E. (1966), Early Venetian Legislation on Ambassador, Droz, Génova.
– (1967), The Office of the Ambassador in the Middle Ages, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
– (1973), “The development of Ambassadorial Relazioni”, en J. R. HALE (dir.) Renaissance Venice, Faber and Faber, Londres.
– (1986), The venetian patriciate. Reality versus Myth, University of Illinois Press, Urbana y Chicago.
QUILES ALBERO, David (2019), “La guerra de Candía (1645-1669): ¿Causa común en una Europa dividida?”, Tiempos Modernos, 38, pp. 176-195.
RAINES, Dorit (1991), “Pouvoir ou privilèges nobiliaires. Le dilemme du patriciat vénitien face aux agrégations du XVIIe siècle”, Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 46/4, pp. 827-847.
– (2003), “Cooptazione, aggregazione e presenza al Maggior Consiglio: le casate del patriziato veneziano, 1297-1797”, Storia di Venezia, 1, pp. 1-64.
– (2006), “Strategie d’ascesa sociale e giochi di potere a Venezia nel Seicento: le aggregazioni alla nobiltà”, Studi Veneziani, 56, pp. 279-317.
– (2016), L’invention du mythe Aristocratique. L’image de soi du patriciat vénitien au temps de la Sérénissime, 2 vols., Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti Venecia.
RIVERO RODRÍGUEZ, Manuel (2000), Diplomacia y relaciones exteriores en la Edad Moderna. De la Cristiandad al sistema europeo, 1453-1794, Alianza, Madrid.
– (2018), “Diplomacia, dinastía y confesión: La guerra de los Treinta Años y el nacimiento de la política exterior en la Europa moderna”, Vínculos de Historia, 7, pp. 61-78.
RODRÍGUEZ SALGADO, María José (2004), Felipe II, el “paladín de la Cristiandad” y la paz con el turco, Universidad, Valladolid.
ROMANO, Dennis (1993), “Aspects of Patronage in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Venice”, Renaissance Quarterly, 46/4, pp. 712-733.
RO?SCH, Gerhard (2000), “The Serrata of the Great Council and the Venetian Society, 1286-1323”, en J. J. MARTIN y D. ROMANO (eds.), Venice Reconsidered. The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State, 1297-1797, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore y Londres, pp. 67-88.
ROSE, Charles J. (1974), “Marc Antonio Venier, Renier Zeno and The Myth of Venice”, The Historian, 36/3, pp. 479-497.
SETTON, Keneth M. (1991), Venice, Austria and the Turks in the Seventeenth century, The American Philosophical Society, Filadelfia.
STONE, Lawrence (1982), “Prosopografía”, en El pasado y el Presente, Fondo de Cultura Económica, México D. F.
THIRIET, Freddy (1952), Histoire de Venise, Presses Universitaires de France, París.
TRAMPUS, Antonio (2010), “Le diplomatie vénitien entre les XVIe et XVIIIe siècles: statut, rôles et fonctions”, Études de Lettres, 3, pp. 119-136.
TU?RKC?ELIK, Evrim (2015), “El Imperio otomano y la política de alianzas: las relaciones franco-otomanas en el tránsito del siglo XVI al XVII”, Hispania, 75, pp. 39-68.
VENTURA, Angelo (1976), Relazioni degli ambasciatori veneto al Senato, Laterza, Bari.
VIVO, Filippo de (2007), Information and communication in Venice. Rethinking Early Modern Politics, Oxford University Press.
– (2011), “How to Read Venetian Relazioni”, Renaissance et Réforme, 34, pp. 25-59.
– (2012), Patrizi, informatori, Barbieri. Politica e comunicazione a Venezia nella prima età moderna, Feltrineli, Milán.
VOLPI, Giuseppe (1928), La Repubblica di Venezia e i suoi Ambasciatori, A. Mondadori, Milán.
ZANNINI, Andrea (2010), “Economic and social aspects of the crisis of venetian diplomacy in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries”, en D. FRIGO (ed.), Politics and Diplomacy in Early Modern Italy: the structure of diplomatic practice 1450-1800, Cambridge University Press, pp. 109-146.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides immediate free access to its content on the principle of making research freely available to the public. All content published in Baetica. Modern and Contemporary History Studies are subject to the Creative Commons Acknowledgment-NoCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 license, the full text of which can be found at <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0>
They may be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly displayed, provided that:
The authorship and the original source of its publication (magazine, publisher and URL of the work) must be cited.
They are not used for commercial purposes.
The existence and specifications of this use license are mentioned.
Copyrights are of two kinds: moral and patrimonial. Moral rights are perpetual, inalienable, non-transferable, inalienable, unattachable and imprescriptible prerogatives. In accordance with copyright legislation, BAETICA. Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea recognizes and respects the moral right of the authors, as well as the ownership of the patrimonial right, which will be transferred to the University of Malaga for its open access dissemination. Economic rights refer to the benefits obtained from the use or disclosure of works. BAETICS. Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea is published in open access and is exclusively authorized to carry out or authorize by any means the use, distribution, disclosure, reproduction, adaptation, translation or transformation of the work.
It is the responsibility of the authors to obtain the necessary permissions of the images that are subject to copyright.
Authors whose contributions are accepted for publication in this journal will retain the non-exclusive right to use their contributions for academic, research, and educational purposes, including self-archiving or deposit in open access repositories of any kind.
The electronic edition of this magazine is edited by the Editorial of the University of Malaga (UmaEditorial), being necessary to cite the source in any partial or total reproduction.