Desinformación sobre covid-19 en Iberoamérica: un análisis de los verificadores

Autores/as

  • Luisa Massarani Researcher at the House of Oswaldo Cruz at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (COC/Fiocruz/Brazil) Brasil
  • Amanda Medeiros Researcher at the National Institute of Public Communication of Science and Technology (INCT-CPCT Fiocruz/Brazil) Brasil
  • Igor Waltz Researcher at the National Institute of Public Communication of Science and Technology (INCT-CPCT Fiocruz/Brazil) Brasil
  • Tatiane Leal Research at the National Institute of Public Communication of Science and Technology (INCT-CPCT Fiocruz/Brazil) Brasil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/TSN.2022.v7i14.17651

Palabras clave:

Desinformación, covid-19, infodemia, fact-checking, Iberoamérica, análisis de contenido

Resumen

En medio de la crisis de salud de la COVID-19, hemos estado experimentando un intenso desorden informativo. En ese contexto, nuestro objetivo en este estudio fue analizar las similitudes y diferencias entre los contenidos desinformativos que circularon en tres países del espacio iberoamericano, a través de las plataformas fact-checking pioneras en sus lugares de origen: Agência Lupa (Brasil), Newtral (España) y Polígrafo (Portugal). Seleccionamos las verificaciones realizadas en marzo de 2021, doce meses después del anuncio de la pandemia por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Un total de 87 documentos fueron explorados cuantitativa y cualitativamente bajo el prisma del análisis de contenido (Bardin, 2011) y por medio de cinco categorías analíticas: clasificación, plataforma de servicio, formato, fuente y tema. Tres aspectos presentaron similitudes: predomina el contenido falso, en formato de texto y circula por las redes sociales. Entre los tipos de fuentes y los temas, se observaron diferencias en las estrategias de validación del contenido desinformativo y en los temas tratados. Concluimos que, aunque la pandemia es un fenómeno global, la desinformación responde a especificidades de los contextos políticos, sociales y culturales de los distintos países.

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Publicado

2022-12-20

Cómo citar

Massarani, L., Medeiros, A., Waltz, I., & Leal, T. (2022). Desinformación sobre covid-19 en Iberoamérica: un análisis de los verificadores. TSN Transatlantic Studies Network, 7(14), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.24310/TSN.2022.v7i14.17651