Análisis cinemático del ángulo de proyección frontal de rodilla en 2D: enfoque metodológico

Diego Fernando Afanador; Alejandro Gómez-Rodas; Mateo Baena-Marín

doi:10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15370

Autores/as

Diego Fernando Afanador Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina – Pereira e Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho, Colombia Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-0751
Alejandro Gómez-Rodas Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina – Pereira y Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-8630
Mateo Baena-Marín Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina – Pereira y Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0563-9642

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15370

Palabras clave:

valgo dinámico, rodilla, ligamento cruzado anterior, dolor patelofemoral

Resumen

La evaluación cinemática del comportamiento del miembro inferior en tres dimensiones (3D) requiere el uso de alta tecnología, formación especializada y laboratorios que no se ajustan a las demandas del ámbito clínico y deportivo. La valoración del APFR (ángulo de proyección frontal de rodilla)en dos dimensiones (2D) ha mostrado consistentemente su validez, objetividad y confiabilidad al ser comparada con la metodología de análisis en 3D para la detección del valgo dinámico asociado al incremento de torques externos de aducción y rotación interna de cadera durante la ejecución de tareas funcionales que exigen control muscular excéntrico. El valgo dinámico ha mostrado ser un predictor de lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior y de síndrome de dolor patelofemoral, especialmente en mujeres. La detección oportuna y el seguimiento del comportamiento cinemático con instrumentos de bajo costo, poca complejidad y un nivel de experticia básico utilizando análisis en 2D, se perfila como estrategia de valoración importante en el entrenamiento deportivo y el abordaje clínico para la prevención y rehabilitación de lesiones de rodilla asociados a estos desórdenes del movimiento. Por tanto, esta revisión narrativa pretende proveer de conocimientos esenciales para la correcta valoración, interpretación y análisis del APFR en Fisioterapeutas y Profesionales del Deporte.

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