Clinical knowledge and process of assessment

Authors

  • Antonio Godoy Universidad de Málaga Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.vi5.13462

Keywords:

teoría, conocimientos clínicos, proceso de evaluación

Abstract

Three theoretical models about diagnostic process and knowledge organization in memory are presented: The model by Berrios and Chen, that conceives knowledge organization as artificial neural network structures; che semantic structural model by Lemieux and Bordage, that propases che concept of semanric axis as a knowledge strucruring too!; and finally che Schmidt and Boshuizen’s model, that propases the concept of illness script. The last pare of the arride deals with the conn ection between each model and basic psychological science, the steps proposed far diagnosric process, how knowledge is organized in memory and retrieved to apply to particular clinical cases, what are the criteria clinicians use to decide wheth er a datum is relevanr and merit to be gather ed, and potencial utility of each model to teaching and learning psychodiagnostic.

Downloads

Metrics

Visualizaciones del PDF
151
Jul 2001Jan 2002Jul 2002Jan 2003Jul 2003Jan 2004Jul 2004Jan 2005Jul 2005Jan 2006Jul 2006Jan 2007Jul 2007Jan 2008Jul 2008Jan 2009Jul 2009Jan 2010Jul 2010Jan 2011Jul 2011Jan 2012Jul 2012Jan 2013Jul 2013Jan 2014Jul 2014Jan 2015Jul 2015Jan 2016Jul 2016Jan 2017Jul 2017Jan 2018Jul 2018Jan 2019Jul 2019Jan 2020Jul 2020Jan 2021Jul 2021Jan 2022Jul 2022Jan 2023Jul 2023Jan 2024Jul 2024Jan 2025Jul 2025Jan 202612
|

References

Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press.

Anderson, J. R. (1993). Rules of the mind. Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press.

APA (American Psychiatric Association) (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Washington, D. C.: APA.

Bartlett, F. C. (1954). Remembering. A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, Ma.: Cambridge University Press.

Berbaum et al. (1986). Tentative diagnoses facilitate the detection of diverse lesions in chest radiographs. Investigative Radiology, 21, 532-553.

Berbaum et al. (1988). lmpact of clinical history on fracture detection with radiography. Radiology, 168, 507-511.

Berbaum et al. (1990). Satisfaction of search in diagnostic radiology. Investigative Radiology, 25, 133-140.

Berrios, G. E., & Chen, E. Y. H. (1993). Recognising psychiatric symptoms. Relevance to the diagnostic process. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 308-314.

Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1994). Cognitive effects of practical experience in high-and low-achieving medical students. Learning and instruction, 4, 313-329.

Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Schmidt, H. G. (1991). lntegration of biomedical and clinical knowledge in medical students. Paper presented at the Annual conference of the American Educational Research association, Chicago, 1991.

Boshuizen, H. P., & Schmidt, H. G. (1992). On the role of biomedical knowledge in clinical reasoning by experts, intermediates and novices. Cognitive Science, 16, 153-184.

Bower, G. H.; Black, J. B.; & Turner, T. J. (1979). Scripts in memory for text. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 177-220.

Brooks, L. R.; Norman, G. R.; & Allen, S. W (1991). Role of specific similarity in a medical diagnostic task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 120, 278-287.

Cantor, N.; Smith, E. E., French, R. D ., & Mezzich, J. (1980). Psychiatric diagnosis as a prototype categorization. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 181-193.

Cronbach, L. J.; Gleser, G. (1965). Psychological tests and personnel decisions. Urbana, Ill. University of Illinois Press.

Custers, E. J. F. M., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Schmidt, H. G. (1992). The relationship between medical expertise and the development of illness scripts. Paper presented at the Annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.

Custers, E. J. F. M., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Schmidt, H. G. (1996). The influence of medical expertise, case typicality, and illness script component on case processing and disease probability estimates. Memory & Cognition, 24, 384-399.

Custers, E. J. F. M., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Schmidt, H. G. (1998). The role of illness scripts in the development of medical diagnostic expertise: Results from an interview study. Cognition and Instruction, 16, 367-398.

Elstein, A. S., Shulman, L. E., & Sprafka, S. A. (1978). Medical problem solving: An analysis of clinical reasoning. Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press.

Feltovich, P. J., & Barrows, H. S. (1984). Issues of generality in medical problem solving. En H. G. Schmidt, & M. L. De Volder (Eds.), Tutorials in problem-based learning: A new direction in teaching the health professions, Assen, Holanda: Van Gorcum.

Godoy, A. (1996). Toma de decisiones y juicio clínico. Madrid: Pirámide.

Godoy, A. & Gavino, A. (1999). Conocimiento científico-básico y conocimiento clínico-aplicado: su papel en la realización de diagnósticos clínicos. En F. Silva: Avances in Evaluación psicológica, 75-125. Valencia: Promolibro.

Goldstone, R. L. (1996). Alignment-based nonmonotonicities in similarity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 988-1001.

Johnson-Laird, P. (1983). Mental models. Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press.

Kassirer, J. P.; Kuipers, B. J.; Gorry, G. A. (1988). Toward a theory of clinical expertise. En J. Dowie; A. Elstein: Professional judgment. A reader in clinical decision making, 212-225. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Kolodner, J. L. (1988). Case-based reasoning: Proceedings of a workshop on case-based reasoning. San Mateo, Ca.: Morgan Kaufmann.

Kolodner, J. L., & Simpson, R. L. (1986). Problem solving and dynamic memory. En J. L. Kolodner, & C.K. Riesbeck (Eds.), Experience, memory and reasoning, (pp. 99-114). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Kolodner, J. L., & Simpson, R. L. (1989). The MEDIATOR: Analysis of an early case-based problem solver. Cognitive Science, 13, 507-549.

Lemieux, M., & Bordage, G. (1986). Structuralisme et pedagogie medicale: Etude comparative des stratégies cognitives d’aprentis-médecins. Recherches Sémiotiques, 6, 143-179.

Lemieux, M., & Bordage, G. (1992). Propositional versus structural semantic analysis of medical diagnostic thinking. Cognitive Science, 16, 18 5-204.

Lemieux, M., & Bordage, G. (1993). Comparing the core and the peel of the same fruit. Cognitive Science, 17, 143-147.

Lesgold, A., et al. (1988). Expertise in a complex skill: Diagnosing x-ray pictures. En M. T. H. Chi, R. Glasee, & M. J. Farr (Eds.), The nature of expertise, (pp. 311-342). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Malt, B. C.; Ross, B. H.; & Murphy, G. L. (1995). Predicting features for members of natural categories when categorization is uncertain. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 646-661.

Medin, D. L.; Goldstone, R. L., & Markman, A. B. (1995). Comparison and choice: Relations between similarity processes and decision processes. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 1-19.

Minsky, M. (1975). A framework for representing knowledge. En P. Winston (Ed.), The psychology of computer vision, Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.

Norman, G. R.; Brooks, L. R.; Coblentz, C. L.; & Babcook, C. J. (1992). The correlation of feature identification and category judgments in diagnostic radiology. Memory and Cognition, 20, 344-355.

OMS (World Health Organization) (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Ginebra: WHO.

Patel, V. L.; Groen, G. J. (1986). Knowledge-based solution strategies in medical reasoning. Cognitive Science, 10, 91-115.

Rosch, E. H. (1978). Principles of categorization. En E. H. Rosch, & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization, (pp. 27- 48). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Ross, B.H. (1989). Distinguishing types of superficial similarities: Different effects on the access and use of earlier problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 456-468.

Ross, B.H. (1996). Category representation and the effects of interacting with instances. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 22, 1249-1265.

Ross, B.H. (1997). The use of categories affects classification. Journal of memory and Language, 37, 240-267.

Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1986). Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition. (Vol.1) Cambridge, Ma.: MIT Press.

Rumelhart, D. E. & Ortony, A. (1977). The representation of knowledge in memory. En R. C. Anderson, R. J. Spiro, & W. E. Montague (Eds.): Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge, 99-135. Hillsdale, NJ.: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schank, R. C., & Abelson, R. P. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. An inquiry into human knowledge structures. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schmidt, H. G., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1992). Encapsulation of biomedical knowledge. En D. A. Evans, & V. L. Patel (Eds.), Advances models of cognition for medical training and practice, Berlín: Springer-Verlag.

Schmidt, H. G., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1993a). On acquiring expertise in medicine. Educational Psychology Review, 5, 205-221.

Schmidt, H. G., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1993b). On the origin of intermediate effects in clinical case recall. Memory & Cognition, 21, 338-351.

Schmidt, H. G., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Hobus, P. P. M. (1988). Transitory stages in che development of medical expertise: The “intermediate effect” in clinical representation studies. En Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Schmidt, H. G., Boshuizen, H. P. A., & Norman, G. R. (1992). Reflections on the nature of expertise. En E. Keravnou (Ed.), Deep models for medical knowledge engineering, (pp. 231-248). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Schmidt, H. G., Norman, G. R., & Boshuizen, H. P. A. (1990). A cognitive perspective on medical expertise: Theory and implications. Academic Medicine, 65, 611-621.

Schreiber, M. H. (1963). The clinical history as a factor in roentgenographic interpretation. Journal of the American Medical Association, 185, 137-139.

Smith, E. E. (1995). Concepts and induction. En E. E. Smith, D. N Osherson, et al.: Thinking: An invitation to cognitive science, 3 (2ª ed.), 3-33 . Cambridge, Ma.: The MIT Press.

Smith, E. E.; Patalano, A. L., & Jonides, J. (1998). Alternative strategies of categorization. Cognition, 65, 167-196.

Smith, E. E. & Sloman, S. A. (1994). Similarity-versus rule-based categorization. Memory and Cognition, 22, 377-386.

Published

2001-05-01

How to Cite

Godoy, A. (2001). Clinical knowledge and process of assessment. Escritos De Psicología - Psychological Writings, 1(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.vi5.13462

Issue

Section

Análisis