Subtipos de dislexia en lenguas que difieren en la transparencia ortográfica: inglés, francés y español

Autores/as

  • Liliane Sprenger-Charolles Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, CNRS & Université Paris Descartes Francia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v4i2.13314

Palabras clave:

Dislexia evolutiva, Subtipos, profundidad ortográfica, dislexia fonológica, dislexia superficial, perfil mixto, habilidades de lectura a nivel de la palabra, latencia de la respuesta vocal

Resumen

La existencia de perfiles disociados en la dislexia evolutiva (como perfiles fonológicos con un déficit selectivo de la ruta fonológica de lectura y perfiles superficiales con un déficit selectivo de la ruta léxica de lectura) versus perfiles mixtos (con ambos déficits) sigue siendo una cuestión teórica y clínica de gran interés junto con la cuestión de la prevalencia de estos perfiles y la variación de esta prevalencia en diferentes lenguas. Los resultados más fiables son los obtenidos mediante el método clásico: (1) el perfil predominante es el perfil mixto; (2) la prevalencia de los perfiles disociados difiere dependiendo de la lengua y la medida utilizada, lo perfiles fonológicos son más frecuentes en los estudios en inglés basados en la exactitud que los realizados en francés o en español y son menos frecuentes con medidas de exactitud que con medidas de velocidad en los estudios en francés y en español. Estos últimos resultados probablemente reflejan un problema de medida, ya que es fácil utilizar la ruta fonológica en las ortografías transparentes: en estos casos, se debe utilizar la velocidad para detectar déficit fonológicos. Estos resultados no son consistentes con la idea de que se pueden detectar subtipos de dislexia evolutiva claramente delimitados.

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2011-09-01

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Sprenger-Charolles, L. (2011). Subtipos de dislexia en lenguas que difieren en la transparencia ortográfica: inglés, francés y español. Escritos De Psicología - Psychological Writings, 4(2), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v4i2.13314

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