Preferencias sociales y egoísmo racional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/Contrastescontrastes.v0i0.1171Abstract
RESUMEN
Los economistas experimentales han demostrado que algunos humanos cooperan con base en preferencias sociales, pero el modelo de agente racional conocido como Homo oeconomicus no incluye preferencias sociales como causas de la conducta cooperativa. ¿Qué implica su existencia para el egoísmo racional defendido en los modelos microeconómicos dominantes y en la teoría de juegos? Se describen tres posibles respuestas: 1) preferencias sociales como mecanismos redundantes de reserva; 2) preferencias sociales para remediar la racionalidad imperfecta y 3) preferencias sociales como motor primario de la cooperación, porque el egoísmo racional no recomienda cooperar en dilemas de prisionero iterado con información imperfecta. Defiendo la tercera opción: agentes que carecen de preferencias sociales ven el engaño y la coerción como opciones racionales.
PALABRAS CLAVE
COOPERACIÓN, DILEMA DE PRISIONEROS, EGOÍSMO RACIONAL, EXPLICACIÓN Y JUSTIFICACIÓN
ABSTRACT
Experimental economics provides evidence that social preferences drive human cooperation in the lab, but the dominant microeconomic model of a rational agent, Homo oeconomicus, denies such preferences. Assuming the evidence is cogent, what follows for the claim that humans cooperate on the basis of rational egoism? I describe three possible answers: 1) social preferences are backup mechanisms for rational egoism; 2) social preferences are required to remedy for imperfect rationality; and 3) social preferences are the primary motives for cooperation, because rational egoism does not recommend cooperation in the iterated prisoner’s dilemma with imperfect or private information. I argue for option 3): rational egoists without social preferences see deception and coercion as rational options.
KEYWORDS:
COOPERATION, PRISONER’S DILEMMA, RATIONAL EGOISM, EXPLANATION AND JUSTIFICATION
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