Factores externos e internos influyentes en la variación de /?s/ en la ciudad de Sevilla
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/analecta.v39i1.5613Abstract
RESUMEN: El estudio del fonema /?s/ en muestras de habla recientes de la ciudad de Sevilla revelan la convivencia de sus variantes vernáculas divergentes (patrones de seseo, ceceo y jejeo) con realizaciones convergentes (escisión fonemática /s/ ? [s] : /?/ ? [?]). Esta última pauta pone de mani? esto la permeabilidad de rasgos de pronunciación procedentes del español centro-norteño, habitualmente asociado al modelo de prestigio lingüístico. En esta investigación se analizan estos procesos de variación a partir de los materiales de PRESEEA-Sevilla, recopilados entre los años 2009 y 2017. Concretamente, la alternancia de los alófonos se pone en relación con factores externos (nivel educativo, edad y sexo de los informantes de la muestra) y con factores internos (sonidos sibilantes en el entorno silábico cercano y tipo de sustantivo, común o propio). Los resultados revelan los cambios que se están produciendo actualmente en el habla de la capital hispalense, con un avance progresivo del patrón conservador /s/ ? [s] : /?/ ? [?], liderado especialmente por algunos sectores poblacionales como los hablantes con grado de instrucción alta y las mujeres. Por su parte, el tradicional patrón seseante pervive con fuerza entre los sujetos con nivel de estudios bajo, en estrecha lucha con la pauta convergente; el ceceo sigue percibiéndose como una norma minoritaria; y el jejeo queda reducido a casos esporádicos asociados a un número concreto de lexías. Se perciben diferentes grados de inseguridad, en tanto que es habitual que un mismo hablante combine, en distinta proporción, más de una variante en sus intervenciones. Por último, los factores internos no fueron especialmente determinantes, con cierta incidencia de la asimilación progresiva y, en algunos casos, del sustantivo propio.
ABSTRACT: The study of the phoneme /?s/ in speaking samples recently taken in Seville reveals the coexistence between its divergent vernacular variants (seseo, ceceo and jejeo patterns) and the convergent realizations (phonemic division /s/ ? [s] : /?/ ? [?]). This aspect indicates a ? exible absorption of the pronunciation characteristics which come from north-central Spain, often associated with the linguistic standard. This investigation compiles a complete analysis of these variation processes included in PRESEEA-Seville corpus, collected between 2009 and 2017. Speci? cally, the alternation of the allophones depends on both extralinguistic factors, such as the informants’ educational level, age and gender; and linguistic parameters as is the case of sibilant sounds connecting with the nearby syllabus, or proper and common nouns. The results show how the spoken Spanish in Seville is constantly changing according to the conservatory patterns /s/ ? [s]: /?/ ? [?], which is led by certain population sectors such as high sociolects and women. As for, the seseo is highly used amongst low sociolects, counteracting with the convergent norm; the ceceo is still conceived as a minority rule; and the jejeo is scarcely associated to a particular number of words. A certain degree of insecurity is observed, in such a way that the same speaker combines, in different proportions, more than just one variant. Finally, the internal factors weren’t quite determinative, excepting the in? uence of the progressive assimilation, and, in some cases, of the proper noun.
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