Análisis del discurso populista en la España actual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/analecta.v39i1.5611Abstract
RESUMEN: En determinadas circunstancias históricas, se producen reacciones políticas que tienen características discursivas comunes. Así, por ejemplo, en una situación de crisis social, el pueblo se presenta como víctima de una fuente de mal de la que solo es posible liberarse por la intercesión de un líder carismático. Esta secuencia, esta conjunción de características da como resultado una técnica discursiva dentro del lenguaje político que se ha de? nido como populismo. El presente artículo pretende estudiar este tipo de discurso en España tras la aparición de Podemos, partido político que, en principio, adopta un tipo de discurso que responde a la plantilla de lo que Charaudeau de?nió como populismo para ir variando su estrategia a medida que conseguía respaldo popular. El populismo rechaza la «casta» política, pero, como tendremos oportunidad de ver, es un discurso retórico, esencialmente político, que en España bebe de las fuentes terminológicas de la izquierda latinoamericana a pesar de buscar, en última instancia, la transversalidad ideológica siguiendo un camino similar al del PSOE en los años de la Transición. Léxico, discurso e ideología se manejan con e?cacia para alcanzar el poder.
ABSTRACT: In some historical circumstances, political reactions are born which have common discourse characteristics. So, for example, in a situation of social crisis, people represented as a victim of a source of evil from which it is possible to release only by the intercession of a charismatic leader. This sequence, this conjunction of characteristics give as a result a discourse technique within the political language which has been de? ned as populism. The present article aims to study this type of discourse in Spain after the appearance of Podemos, political party which, ? rst adopts a kind of discourse which responds to the model of what Charaudeau de? ned as populism and then gives changing its strategy as he was getting popular support. Populism refuses the political caste but, as we will have the opportunity to see it is a rethorical discourse basically political which in Spain learns from terminological sources of the Latinoamerican left despite of seeking, at the end, the ideological transversality following a similar path to that of the PSOE in the last years of the transition. Lexicon, discourse and ideology are managed ef? ciently to reach the power.
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