La tradizione religiosa degli Ainu e la rivitalizzazione di antichi rituali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/Raphisa.2022.v7i2.14554Palabras clave:
#Ainu #Hokkaido #ceremonias #etnoturismo #supervivenciaResumen
Los Ainu son un grupo de poblaciones asentadas en la península de Kamchatka, en la isla de Sakhalin, en las Kuriles y en Hokkaid?. Examinaré a los Ainu de la isla de Hokkaid?. Durante los períodos Tokugawa (1603-1868) y Meiji (1868-1912), los japoneses impusieron reformas y forzaron su asimilación, despojándolos de su herencia cultural. Inicialmente etiquetados como "últimos", con el tiempo los Ainu han sido invitados al folclore junto con una lenta restitución de su tradición cultural, aunque con cierto compromiso. De esta forma, los centros turísticos se han convertido muy probablemente en las principales puertas de entrada a un universo todavía impregnado de misterio. Este artículo explora los cambios en la tradición religiosa, comenzando por el mundo cosmogónico, pasando por las ceremonias en su forma más tradicional, hasta examinar cómo dichas ceremonias se han transformado con fines turísticos.
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Sabrina Battipaglia
Mail: sabrinabattipaglia@ymail.com
PhD. UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
East (East Asian Studies)
Perfil del autor
Sabrina Battipaglia completó su doctorado en la UAB Universidad de Barcelona (en codirección con la UNIOR Universidad de Nápoles), en Traducción y Estudios Interculturales. Ha estado tratando con los Ainu desde 2007 a través de un Curso de grado (4 años), luego una Maestría (1 año) y un Doctorado, durante el cual el hilo conductor siempre ha sido el pueblo Ainu. Combina la metodología de los estudios históricos, culturales y literarios con la de la antropología visual y la cultura material.
El enfoque de su investigación doctoral ha sido cómo los Ainu están sobreviviendo a la extinción, poniendo en marcha el etnoturismo en el Japón contemporáneo. Su trabajo de campo se desarrolla principalmente en la isla de Hokkaid?, especialmente en centros de promoción cultural, museos y villages reconstruidos.
En 2017, durante el Festival Internacional de los Pueblos Indígenas "Lo Spirito del Pianeta", en Bérgamo (Italia), organizó la presencia del grupo Ainu. Para los Ainu era la primera vez que un grupo indígena estaba presente en Italia.
Author Profile
Sabrina Battipaglia completed her Doctorate at the UAB University of Barcelona (in co-supervision with the UNIOR University of Naples), in Translation and Intercultural Studies. She has been dealing with the Ainu since 2007 through a Bachelor and Master’s Degree, an MPhil and then a Doctorate, during which the common thread has always been the Ainu people. She combine the methodology of historical, cultural and literary studies with that of visual anthropology and material culture.
The focus of her doctoral research has been on how the Ainu are surviving extinction, by setting ethno-tourism in motion, in contemporary Japan. Her work in the field takes place mainly on the island of Hokkaid?, especially in cultural promotion centers, museums and indigenous reconstructed villages.
In 2017, during the International Festival of Indigenous Peoples "Lo Spirito del Pianeta", in Bergamo (Italy), she organized the presence of the Ainu group. For the Ainu it was the first time as an indigenous group to be present in Italy.
Education
* PhD, in Translation and Interculturals Studies, [UAB,Barcelona/UNIOR,Naples], Title: “The Ainu ethnicity in contemporary Japan: museums, parcs and reconstructed villages” [November 2016-April 2021]
* MPhil (biennal) in Oriental and Comparative Philosophy, [Institute of Human Sciences, Rimini], Title: “The religious tradition of the Ainu of Japan”, Advisor Prof. Aldo Tollini [2013-2015]
* Batchelor’s and Master's Degree (unique title, pre-reform) in Comparative Studies [UNIOR., Naples], Thesis in History and Civilization of the Far East, Title: “The Ainu of Japan. Genesis, history, culture, religion”, Advisor Prof. Adolfo Tamburello. Quadriennal-Languages; Japanese and Spanish; Annual Language: Anglo-American [2001-2008]
PUBLICATIONS - ARTICLES
• “L’importanza del cibo Ainu nel manga Golden Kamui di Satoru Noda” [“The importance of Ainu food in Satoru Noda's Golden Kamui manga], in Manga Academica. Rivista di studi sul fumetto e sul cinema di animazione giapponese, Società Editrice La Torre, Vol. 14, 2021.
• “L’immagine degli Ainu tra passato e presente. Dalle pitture Ainu-e ai Manga”, [“The image of the Ainu between past and present. From Ainu-e paintings to Manga”], in Manga Academica. Rivista di studi sul fumetto e sul cinema di animazione giapponese, Società Editrice La Torre, Vol. 13, 2020, pp. 61-79.
• “Gli Ainu del Giappone. Musei, Collezioni ed Esposizioni Universali”, in Atti del IV Congreso Internacional: Coleccionismo, Mecenazgo y Mercado Artístico: “Orbis Terrarum”, 2019, Seville (in print). [“The Ainu of Japan. Museums, Collections and Expositions Fairs”, in Proceedings of the IV Congreso Internacional: Coleccionismo, Mecenazgo y Mercado Artístico:“ Orbis Terrarum”, Seville, 2019, pp. 743-753.
• “La divisione dei territori Ainu fra Russia e Giappone ai primi Trattati russo-giapponesi del secondo Ottocento”, in Il Giappone, Volume LI [2011], Roma-Napoli, 2013, pp. 51-60. (“The division of Ainu territories between Russia and Japan in early Russo-Japanese Treaties of the late XIX”, in Il Giappone, Volume LI [2011], Rome-Naples 2013, pp. 51-60).
• “L’Avvicinamento russo all’Ezo e al Giappone secondo la storiografia basata su fonti russe”, in Il Giappone, Volume L [2010], Roma-Napoli 2012, pp. 7-25. (“The Russian approach to Ezo and Japan according to the historiography based on Russian sources”, in Il Giappone, Volume L [2010], Rome-Naples 2012, pp. 7-25).
• “Gli Ainu verso il riconoscimento come ‘popolazione indigena’”, in Il Giappone, Volume XLIX [2009], Roma-Napoli 2011, pp. 161- 169.(“The Ainu towards recognition as ‘indigenous population’”, in Il Giappone, Volume XLIX [2009], Rome-Naples 2011, pp. 161-169).
• “La trasformazione socio-culturale di un popolo nel nord del Giappone”. [“The socio-cultural transformation of a people in the north of Japan”, (in peer review)].
• In Preparation: editing of a book about Ainu History and culture from the past to present.
Mail: sabrinabattipaglia@ymail.com
PhD. UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona)
East (East Asian Studies)
Perfil del autor
Sabrina Battipaglia completó su doctorado en la UAB Universidad de Barcelona (en codirección con la UNIOR Universidad de Nápoles), en Traducción y Estudios Interculturales. Ha estado tratando con los Ainu desde 2007 a través de un Curso de grado (4 años), luego una Maestría (1 año) y un Doctorado, durante el cual el hilo conductor siempre ha sido el pueblo Ainu. Combina la metodología de los estudios históricos, culturales y literarios con la de la antropología visual y la cultura material.
El enfoque de su investigación doctoral ha sido cómo los Ainu están sobreviviendo a la extinción, poniendo en marcha el etnoturismo en el Japón contemporáneo. Su trabajo de campo se desarrolla principalmente en la isla de Hokkaid?, especialmente en centros de promoción cultural, museos y villages reconstruidos.
En 2017, durante el Festival Internacional de los Pueblos Indígenas "Lo Spirito del Pianeta", en Bérgamo (Italia), organizó la presencia del grupo Ainu. Para los Ainu era la primera vez que un grupo indígena estaba presente en Italia.
Author Profile
Sabrina Battipaglia completed her Doctorate at the UAB University of Barcelona (in co-supervision with the UNIOR University of Naples), in Translation and Intercultural Studies. She has been dealing with the Ainu since 2007 through a Bachelor and Master’s Degree, an MPhil and then a Doctorate, during which the common thread has always been the Ainu people. She combine the methodology of historical, cultural and literary studies with that of visual anthropology and material culture.
The focus of her doctoral research has been on how the Ainu are surviving extinction, by setting ethno-tourism in motion, in contemporary Japan. Her work in the field takes place mainly on the island of Hokkaid?, especially in cultural promotion centers, museums and indigenous reconstructed villages.
In 2017, during the International Festival of Indigenous Peoples "Lo Spirito del Pianeta", in Bergamo (Italy), she organized the presence of the Ainu group. For the Ainu it was the first time as an indigenous group to be present in Italy.
Education
* PhD, in Translation and Interculturals Studies, [UAB,Barcelona/UNIOR,Naples], Title: “The Ainu ethnicity in contemporary Japan: museums, parcs and reconstructed villages” [November 2016-April 2021]
* MPhil (biennal) in Oriental and Comparative Philosophy, [Institute of Human Sciences, Rimini], Title: “The religious tradition of the Ainu of Japan”, Advisor Prof. Aldo Tollini [2013-2015]
* Batchelor’s and Master's Degree (unique title, pre-reform) in Comparative Studies [UNIOR., Naples], Thesis in History and Civilization of the Far East, Title: “The Ainu of Japan. Genesis, history, culture, religion”, Advisor Prof. Adolfo Tamburello. Quadriennal-Languages; Japanese and Spanish; Annual Language: Anglo-American [2001-2008]
PUBLICATIONS - ARTICLES
• “L’importanza del cibo Ainu nel manga Golden Kamui di Satoru Noda” [“The importance of Ainu food in Satoru Noda's Golden Kamui manga], in Manga Academica. Rivista di studi sul fumetto e sul cinema di animazione giapponese, Società Editrice La Torre, Vol. 14, 2021.
• “L’immagine degli Ainu tra passato e presente. Dalle pitture Ainu-e ai Manga”, [“The image of the Ainu between past and present. From Ainu-e paintings to Manga”], in Manga Academica. Rivista di studi sul fumetto e sul cinema di animazione giapponese, Società Editrice La Torre, Vol. 13, 2020, pp. 61-79.
• “Gli Ainu del Giappone. Musei, Collezioni ed Esposizioni Universali”, in Atti del IV Congreso Internacional: Coleccionismo, Mecenazgo y Mercado Artístico: “Orbis Terrarum”, 2019, Seville (in print). [“The Ainu of Japan. Museums, Collections and Expositions Fairs”, in Proceedings of the IV Congreso Internacional: Coleccionismo, Mecenazgo y Mercado Artístico:“ Orbis Terrarum”, Seville, 2019, pp. 743-753.
• “La divisione dei territori Ainu fra Russia e Giappone ai primi Trattati russo-giapponesi del secondo Ottocento”, in Il Giappone, Volume LI [2011], Roma-Napoli, 2013, pp. 51-60. (“The division of Ainu territories between Russia and Japan in early Russo-Japanese Treaties of the late XIX”, in Il Giappone, Volume LI [2011], Rome-Naples 2013, pp. 51-60).
• “L’Avvicinamento russo all’Ezo e al Giappone secondo la storiografia basata su fonti russe”, in Il Giappone, Volume L [2010], Roma-Napoli 2012, pp. 7-25. (“The Russian approach to Ezo and Japan according to the historiography based on Russian sources”, in Il Giappone, Volume L [2010], Rome-Naples 2012, pp. 7-25).
• “Gli Ainu verso il riconoscimento come ‘popolazione indigena’”, in Il Giappone, Volume XLIX [2009], Roma-Napoli 2011, pp. 161- 169.(“The Ainu towards recognition as ‘indigenous population’”, in Il Giappone, Volume XLIX [2009], Rome-Naples 2011, pp. 161-169).
• “La trasformazione socio-culturale di un popolo nel nord del Giappone”. [“The socio-cultural transformation of a people in the north of Japan”, (in peer review)].
• In Preparation: editing of a book about Ainu History and culture from the past to present.
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Publicado
2022-04-01
Cómo citar
Battipaglia, S. (2022). La tradizione religiosa degli Ainu e la rivitalizzazione di antichi rituali . RAPHISA. Revista De Antropología Y Filosofía De Lo Sagrado, 6(2), 51–73. https://doi.org/10.24310/Raphisa.2022.v7i2.14554
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Espacios de lo sagrado en Asia Oriental
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Los textos publicados en Raphisa son de dominio público. Tras la publicación en RAPHISA, los autores mantienen todos los derechos de autor, sin restricciones, y el copyright de sus textos.
