The Silent Mother. A Literary and Biographical Analysis of Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda and María Zambrano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/TSN.2022.v7i13.16374Palavras-chave:
Biografía (biography), birth, carta (letter), death, motherhood, poetry, unwed motherResumo
In this literary paper on the traumas of unwed motherhood and the silence surrounding it, I compare the experiences of two mother-poets: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda and María Zambrano. Although these women writers are from two separate centuries and countries, the motherly pains they experience and the scholarly silence surrounding their motherhoods closely mirror one another's. Through their cartas (letters) and poems, the silence surrounding their losses as unwed mothers with deceased young children is shattered, seeing as their traumas are forever recorded within their written words. Utilizing biografías (biographies), las cartas, Susan Stanford Friedman's birth theory, and poetic analysis, I make the argument that both Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda and María Zambrano encapture their motherly pains in their poetry unlike that of any of the scholarly work written about either of them.
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Contreras, Margarita (20 May 2018a): Biografía de María Zambrano. Mujeres Notables: Biografías de Mujeres Extraordinarias. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from https://www.mujeresnotables.com/2018/05/20/biografia-de-maria-zambrano-escritora-espanola/
Contreras, Margarita (4 Nov. 2018b): Biografía de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. Mujeres Notables: Biografías de Mujeres Extraordinarias. Retrieved April 10, 2021, from https://www.mujeresnotables.com/2018/11/04/biografia-de-gertrudis-gomez-de-avellaneda-poetisa-cubana/
Friedman, S. S. (1987): Creativity and the childbirth metaphor: gender difference in literary discourse. Feminist Studies, 13, pp. 49-82, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273048913_Creativity_and_the_Childbirth_Metaphor_Gender_Difference_in_Literary_Discourse
Gómez, Skyler (9 Nov. 2020a): Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. Literary Ladies Guide: Inspiration for Readers and Writers from Classic Women Authors. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://www.literaryladiesguide.com/author-biography/gertrudis-gomez-de-avellaneda/
Gómez, Skyler (17 Nov. 2020b): 11 poems by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda. Literary Ladies Guide: Inspiration for Readers and Writers from Classic Women Authors. Retrieved April 15, 2021, from www.literaryladiesguide.com/classic-women-authors-poetry/10-poems-by-gertrudis-gomez-de-avellaneda/
Johnson, R. (1997): María Zambrano as Antigone's Sister: Towards an Ethical Aesthetics of Possibility. Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea, 22 (1/2), pp. 181-194. Retrieved July 27, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27741355
Rodríguez, Beatriz Caballero (2017): María Zambrano: A Life of Poetic Reason and Political Commitment. University of Wales Press.
Volek, Emil (2017): “Tu amante ultrajada no puede ser tu amiga (Yours corned lover can’t be your friend): editing Tula's love letters”. Gender and the Politics of Literature: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, in María C. Albin, Megan Corbin, and Raúl Marrero-Fente (Eds.), 18, pp. 283-296, Hispanic Issues On Line.
Zambrano, María (1999): Translated by Carol Maier. The chalice. Delirium and Destiny: A Spaniard in Her Twenties. State University of New York Press, p. 211.
Zambrano, María (2012): Cartas inéditas (a Gregorio del Campo). Ediciones Linteo, S. L., pp. 99-109.
References recommended for further research
Albin, María C. (2002): Género, poesía y esfera pública: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y la tradición romántica. Editorial Trotta, S. A.
Berrocal, Alfonso (2010): Poesía y filosofía: María Zambrano, la generación del 27 y Emilio Prados. Gobierno de Cantabria.
Castillo de González, Aurelia (1887): Biografía de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda y juicio crítico de sus obras. Impr. de Soler, Alvarez y Cía.
De Ros, Xon and Daniela Omlor (2017): The cultural legacy of María Zambrano. Cambridge.
Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis (1914): Autobiografía y cartas (hasta ahora inéditas), 2nd ed. Imprenta Helénica.
Gómez de Avellaneda, Gertrudis (1975): Cartas inéditas existentes en el museo del ejército. Fundación Universitaria Española.
Jiménez Faro, Luzmaría (1999): Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda: la dolorida pasión. Ediciones Torremozas, S. L.
Méndez Bejarano, Mario (1928): Tassara: nueva biografía crítica. Imprenta de F. Pérez, Pasaje Valdecilla.
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