Technical efficiency of Iberian port authorities by specialization: A DEA metafrontier approach

Resumen

The importance of ports as links in the maritime transport and their weight in the global economic development is unquestionable. Identifying the most efficient ports and the best practices is basic for ports’ managers, customers and authorities. However, ports are not homogeneous units because they are specialised in terms of traffic and services. In consequence, the aim of this paper is to assess and compare the technical efficiency of the 33 Iberian port authorities taking into account their specialisation in the traffic of solid bulk, liquid bulk and general commodities. To do this, we use a robust and reliable methodology such as the metafrontier model. Moreover, the technological gap ratio concept is used to estimate the proximity of the production frontier of each group of ports to the metafrontier. The achieved results evidence that Iberian port authorities are quite efficient in general terms, but the ports specialised in the traffic of liquid bulks have the best performance. The traffic of products such as oil and its derivatives requires special infrastructures and proximity to certain industries, making them ‘captive’ traffics. This fact provides certain ports a competitive advantage that identifies them as the most efficient ports.