This is an outdated version published on 2023-12-20. Read the most recent version.

Philippe Pinel in context. The origin of alienism from the point of view of philosophical anthropology

Authors

  • Andrés Ortigosa Universidad de Sevilla Spain

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/nyl.17.2023.14406

Keywords:

Alienism, Philosophical Anthropology, Pinel, Psychiatry

Abstract

In this research I present a study on the origin of alienism in the 19th century in the work of Phillipe Pinel in context. The purpose of the paper is to show how the French physician proposes alienism inspired by the anthropological ideas of his time. After the introduction, a brief historical overview of the anthropology of modernity is given to place Pinel's work in context. This is followed by a survey of Pinel's anthropological ideas, which are in a sense coincident with his period. Finally, it is presented how Pinel proposes his famous alienism, situated between the understanding and the affected life, as well as the way of curing his patients as a consequence of his anthropological approach.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Amengual, Gabriel (2020): Hitos históricos de la Antropología Filosófica. Granada: Comares Editorial. ISBN 978-84-9045-998-0

Arana, Juan (2020): Las cosmovisiones de los grandes científicos del siglo XX. Madrid: Tecnos. ISBN 978-84-309-7907-3

Arana, Juan (2021): Las cosmovisiones de los grandes científicos del siglo XIX. Madrid: Tecnos. ISBN 978-84-309-8208-0

Aristóteles (2019): Ética a Nicómaco-Ética a Eudemo, Madrid: Gredos.

Berrios, German Elías. (1985): «Psychopathology of affectivity: Conceptual and historical aspects» Psychological Medicine, 15: 745–758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291700004980

Berrios, German Elías (1988): «Melancholia and Depression During the 19th Century: A Conceptual History» British Journal of Psychiatry, 153 (3): 298-304. doi:10.1192/bjp.153.3.298

Berrios, German Elías (1996): The history of mental symptoms. Descriptive psychopathology since the nineteenth century. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Biagioli, Mario (1990): «The Anthropology of Incommesurability» Studies in Philosophy and History of Science Part A, 21 (2): 183-209. DOI:10.1016/0039-3681(90)90022-Z

Bynum, William F. (1974): «Rationales for Therapy in British Psychiatry: 1780-1835» Medical History, 18 (4): 317-334. doi: 10.1017/s0025727300019761.

Campos Marín, Ricardo, & Huertas García-Alejo, Rafael (2008): «Los lugares de la locura: reflexiones historiográficas en torno a los manicomios y su papel en la génesis y el desarrollo de la psiquiatría» Arbor, 184 (731): 471–480, https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2008.i731.197

Carlson, Eric T., & Norman Dain, (1962): «The meaning of moral insanity» Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 36 (2): 130-140.

Charland, Louis C. (2010): «Science and morals in the affective psychopathology of Philippe Pinel» History of Psychiatry 21(81 Pt 1): 38-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X09338334

Charland, Louis C. (2014): «John Locke on madness: redressing the intellectualist bias» History of Psychiatry, 25 (2): 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957154X13518719

Digby, Anne (1968): From York Lunatic Asylum to Bootham Park Hospital. York: St. Anthony Hall Publication.

Digby, Anne (1983): «Changes in the Asylum: The Case of York, 1777-1815» The Economic History Review, May, New Series, 36 (2): 218-239. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0289.1983.tb01230.x

Foucault, Michael (2004): El Nacimiento de la Clínica. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI Editores Argentina SA.

García Rodríguez, S., & March Noguera, J. (2017): «Conservación de la salud y frutos de la medicina: la farmocopea de Descartes» Claridades. Revista De Filosofía, 9 (1), pp. 29-47. Doi: https://doi.org/10.24310/Claridadescrf.v9i0.3691

Grange, Kathleen M. (1961): «Pinel and Eighteenth-Century Psychiatry», Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 35: 442-453.

Garay, Jesús (1992): Diferencia y libertad, Madrid: Rialp.

Gauchet, Marcel, y Swain, Gladys (2008): La practque de l´esprit humain. L´institution asilaire et la révolution démocratique. París: Gallimard.

Gourévich, Michel (1991): «Pinel père fondateur, mythes et réalités» L’Évolution Psychiatrique 56: 595-602.

Goldstein, Jan (1987): Console and Classify. The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (2005): Enciclopedia de las ciencias filosóficas. Madrid: Alianza.

Huneman, Philippe (2014): «Writing the Case—Pinel as Psychiatrist» Republics of Letters: A Journal for the Study of Knowledge, Politics, and the Arts 3 (2). Recuperado en: https://arcade.stanford.edu/rofl/writing-case-pinel-psychiatrist-

Lantéri-Laura, Georges (1998): Essai sur les paradigmes de la psychiatrie moderne. Paris: Editions de Temps.

Kendler Kenneth S. (2020): «The Origin of Our Modern Concept of Depression—The History of Melancholia From 1780-1880: A Review» JAMA Psychiatry, 77 (8): 863–868. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4709

Locke, John (1979): An Essay concerning Human Understanding. PH. Oxford: Clarendon Press ed. Nidditch.

Marquard, Odo (1971): Anthropologie. En: Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie, vol 1, Basilea: Schwabe Verlag.

Marquard, Odo (1973): Zur Geschichte des philosophischen Begriffs ´Anthropologie`seit dem Ende des achzehnten Jahrhnderts En: O. M., Schwierigkeiten mit der Geschichtsphilosophie, Frankfurt a. M.

Mühlmann, Wilhelm E. (1968): Geschichte der Anthropologie. Frankfurt a.M.: Athenäum.

Padial, J. J., & Ortigosa, A. (2021). «Philippe Pinel y la humanización de la medicina». En Arana, J. (ed.), La cosmovision de los grandes científicos del siglo XIX. Convicciones éticas, políticas, filosóficas religiosas de los protagonistas del siglo de la ciencia, pp. 361-372.

Pinel, Philippe (1829). Compendio de la nosografía filosófica del Dr. Pinel, Madrid: Imprenta de Don Miguel de Burgos.

Pinel, Philippe (2012): «Tratado médico-filosófico de la alienación mental». En Esquirol, J. E., Haslam, J., Pinel, P., Reil, J., El nacimiento de la psiquiatría, Buenos Aires: Polemos.

Postel, Jacques (1981): Genèse de la psychiatrie, París: Le Sycomore.

Radden Jennifer (1996): «Lumps and bumps: Kantian faculty psychology, phrenology, and twentieth century psychiatric classification» Philosophy, Psychiatry, Psychology, 3 (1): 1–14. DOI: 10.1353/ppp.1996.0008

Rodríguez Valls, Francisco (2019): «Simbolización y Filosofía en la Psicopatología de Karl Jaspers» Contrastes. Revista Internacional De Filosofía, 23 (3): 109-120. https://doi.org/10.24310/Contrastescontrastes.v23i3.6596

Saborido, Cristian (2020): Filosofía de la medicina. Madrid: Tecnos.

Scheler, Max (2017): El puesto del hombre en el cosmos. Madrid: Escolar y Mayo Editores.

Schensul, Stephen L. (1985): «Science, Theory, and Application in Anthropology» American Behavioral Scientist, 29 (2): 164-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/000276485029002004

Sémelaigne, Louis-René (1888): Philippe Pinel et son oeuvre au poin de vue de la médicine mentale. Thèse de doctorat. París: Imprimeries réunies.

Semple, David, & Smith, Roger (2013): Oxford Handbook of psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3º ed.

Siqueira-Batista, Rodrigo, & Schramm, Fermin Roland (2004): «Platão e a medicina» História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos, 11 (3): 619-634. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-59702004000300005

Stagnaro, Juan Carlos, (2015): «Introducción: en torno al origen del primer alienismo» Asclepio, 67 (2), p104, https://doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2015.22

Swain, Gladys (1977): Le Sujet de la folie. Privat: Toulousse.

Telles-Correira, Diogo, y Gama Marques, Joao (2015): «Melancholia before the twentieth century: fear and sorrow or partial insanity?» Frontiers in Psychology, 6 (1): 1-4, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00081

Weiner, Dora B. (2002): Comprender y curar. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Weiner, Dora B. (2008): «Philippe Pinel in the Twenty-First Century: The Myth and the Message». In Wallace, E. R., & Gach, J. (eds.), History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, New York: Springer, pp. 305-312.

Williams, Elizabeth A. (1994): The Physical and the Moral: Anthropology, Physiology and Philosophical Medicine in France, 1750-1850. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Published

2023-12-20

Versions

How to Cite

Ortigosa , A. (2023). Philippe Pinel in context. The origin of alienism from the point of view of philosophical anthropology. Nature & Freedom. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, (17). https://doi.org/10.24310/nyl.17.2023.14406

Issue

Section

Essays