Recovery experiences during vacation and their association with job stressors and health

Pascale Hächler; Diana Pereira; Elfering Achim

doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v10i1.13188

Autores/as

Pascale Hächler Department of Work and Organizational Psychology. Institute of Psychology University of Bern Suiza
Diana Pereira Department of Work and Organizational Psychology. Institute of Psychology University of Bern Suiza
Elfering Achim Department of Work and Organizational Psychology. Institute of Psychology University of Bern Suiza

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v10i1.13188

Palabras clave:

estrés ocupacional, presión del tiempo, dolencias psicosomáticas, distanciamiento, relajación

Resumen

Las vacaciones ofrecen oportunidades para recuperarse del estrés relacionado con el trabajo. Sin embargo, poco se sabe del impacto de los factores de estrés laboral en las experiencias de recuperación durante las vacaciones, como el distanciamiento psicológico y la relajación. Este estudio investigó cómo el distanciamiento y la relajación median el influjo de los factores de estrés laboral antes de las vacaciones sobre la recuperación durante las vacaciones. Un total de 136 empleados de diversas ocupaciones completaron un cuestionario sobre su capacidad para relajarse y distanciarse mentalmente del trabajo durante unas vacaciones recientes. Los participantes evaluaron la presión de tiempo percibida y la exclusión social en el trabajo antes de sus vacaciones, así como cualquier dolencia psicosomática o problemas de sueño durante las vacaciones. Los resultados del análisis de mediación usando el método bootstrap confirmaron el papel mediador de las experiencias de recuperación. La asociación entre los factores de estrés laboral y los problemas del sueño estaba totalmente mediada por el distanciamiento y la relajación, mientras que la asociación entre la exclusión social y las dolencias psicosomáticas estaba completamente mediada por la relajación. Además, la relajación medió parcialmente la asociación entre la presión de tiempo y las dolencias psicosomáticas. No sólo debe fomentarse la capacidad de los empleados para relajarse y distanciarse mentalmente del trabajo, sino que deben reducirse los factores de estrés laboral a fin de permitir que los empleados logren una recuperación óptima durante las vacaciones.

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