Trastorno de estrés postraumático y dolor crónico: nexos entre psico y pato(logía)

Alicia E. López Martínez; Lydia Gómez Pérez; Gema T. Ruiz Párraga

doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v3i1.13330

Autores/as

Alicia E. López Martínez Dpto. Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Universidad de Málaga España
Lydia Gómez Pérez Dpto. Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Universidad de Málaga España
Gema T. Ruiz Párraga Dpto. Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Universidad de Málaga España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v3i1.13330

Palabras clave:

trastorno por estrés postraumático, dolor crónico, comorbilidad, mecanismos explicativos

Resumen

El objetivo primordial de este artículo es efectuar una breve revisión acerca de la literatura existente en torno a la investigación sobre la relación entre dolor crónico y el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Existe un creciente cuerpo de evidencia empírica indicativo de que el TEPT y el dolor crónico co-ocurren frecuentemente, y de que ambos problemas interaccionan, de modo tal que pueden afectarse mutuamente e incidir negativamente en el curso y pronóstico del tratamiento aplicado a uno y otro. De hecho, las personas que sufren ambos problemas de salud manifiestan mayor malestar y discapacidad comparados con quienes tan sólo padecen uno de los dos trastornos. De ahí que en los últimos años se han venido proponiendo modelos conceptuales y mecanismos potencialmente explicativos sobre cómo y por qué ambos trastornos interaccionan. La investigación al respecto sugiere que variables como el miedo y la evitación, la sensibilidad a la ansiedad y el castastrofismo, así como ciertas características psicológicas y biológicas, específicas y generales, pueden contribuir a explicar el desarrollo y mantenimiento de estos problemas.

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