Violencia en las calles sudafricanas como única respuesta: el movimiento de protesta estudiantil sudafricano “#FeesMustFall”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/Boletin-criminologico.2020.v26i2020.8590Palabras clave:
violencia, educación superior, acceso, transformación, protestas estudiantilesResumen
La democratización de la educación superior en Sudáfrica ha revelado desigualdades profundamente arraigadas e inherentes al sistema derivadas del Apartheid (sistema de segregación racial en Sudáfrica y Namibia en vigor hasta 1992), en las que los jóvenes negros no pueden acceder a la educación sin enfrentarse a una miríada de obstáculos. En todo el mundo, los estudiantes han salido a las calles para mostrar su descontento con las autoridades, con la esperanza de generar conciencia y reconocimiento sobre los problemas con los que se encuentran en la educación superior. Sudáfrica no ha sido una excepción. En 2015, el movimiento conocido con el hashtag ‘#FeesMustFall’ (para la reducción de tasas académicas en la educación universitaria) envió un mensaje a los políticos para que priorizaran el necesario cambio que necesita la educación superior en Sudáfrica, ya que sigue siendo un sistema elitista y accesible solo para unos pocos elegidos. Aunque el programa sudafricano para incrementar la tasa de participación y expansión de la educación superior puesto en marcha a final de los años 90 del siglo pasado ha producido algunos beneficios en las últimas décadas, el número de estudiantes africanos en las instituciones de educación superior sigue sin aumentar. Las autoridades no han respondido a las desigualdades estructurales a la que estos estudiantes se enfrentan. En este artículo se detallan los desafíos que llevaron a los estudiantes universitarios sudafricanos a participar en la violenta protesta “#FeesMustFall” y se hacen propuestas sobre cómo superar estos desafíos para generar mejoras a largo plazo.
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