Las constelaciones de la perversidad. Hacia un modelo multi-dimensional de la psicopatía
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/bc.30.2024.20694Palabras clave:
psicopatía, personalidad psicopática, CAPP, mapa conceptualResumen
La clasificación de los trastornos de la personalidad ha estado sistemáticamente sometida a una serie de dilemas conceptuales, metodológicos e incluso éticos. En este contexto, cabe indicar que la psicopatía no ha estado incluida en el vademécum psiquiátrico
DSM5 asimilándola, con algunos matices, al trastorno de la personalidad antisocial. Sin embargo, la experiencia profesional en el campo de la salud mental y la criminología sugiere que la realidad de este constructo psicológico es algo más compleja. De hecho, en las personas “diagnosticadas” de psicopatía lo que podemos observar es una gran heterogeneidad de perfiles de personalidad, con diversos grados de perversidad o profundidad emocional que convierten algunos instrumentos tradicionales de evaluación de la psicopatía en herramientas muy limitadas para entender su compleja constelación de aristas. En este artículo se ofrece una revisión actualizada de los hallazgos más recientes sobre la personalidad psicopática cuya definición tendría mejor encaje en un mapa conceptual conformado por diversos parámetros de carácter cognitivo, conductual, interpersonal y emocional. Como resultado de este nuevo enfoque han surgido diversas herramientas de evaluación entre las que destacamos las diferentes versiones del CAPP (Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality). Si bien es evidente que es precisa más investigación en este campo, los hallazgos disponibles que asumen un enfoque multidimensional son prometedores para avanzar en una comprensión holística e integral de la personalidad psicopática.
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