Tipología del miedo al delito y actitudes de aceptación de la violencia policial entre los habitantes de São Paulo, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/Boletin-criminologico.2020.v27i.11280Palabras clave:
actitudes punitivas, miedo al crimen, opinión pública, victimizaciónResumen
Algunas investigaciones sugieren que el miedo al delito afecta a la actitud de las personas hacia las políticas de seguridad pública, favoreciendo una preferencia por acciones represivas o punitivas frente a lo que se considera un peligro o una amenaza. Los estudios han señalado una variedad de posibles factores individuales y contextuales que son antecedentes de actitudes punitivas. Además, el miedo al delito y las actitudes punitivas son el objeto de un discurso público que da forma a las políticas criminales de muchos países occidentales. Puesto que las emociones juegan un papel importante en la justicia penal, desde la criminología se han llevado a cabo investigaciones sobre cómo se interrelacionan ambos conceptos. En esta línea de investigación, este estudio realizó un análisis de clases latentes en una muestra de habitantes de la ciudad de São Paulo (N = 1806) para identificar agrupaciones que describen las tipologías de asociación entre miedo al delito y las actitudes favorables hacia la violencia policial. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de cinco perfiles. Entre estos, encontramos un perfil en el que hay una fuerte asociación entre el miedo al delito y la actitud punitiva y otro formado por aquellos que reportan bajo miedo al delito, pero presentan altos niveles de punitivismo. Además, la mayoría de las personas expresaron no apoyar la violencia policial, a pesar de tener miedo al delito, por lo que otros factores podrían explicar mejor el apoyo al punitivismo que presentan algunos grupos. En la discusión se ofrecen algunas explicaciones alternativas a estos resultados.
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