Prática física ou mental ou ambas: uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/jpehm.5.2.2023.17875Palavras-chave:
imagens mentais, execução motora, aprendizagem motora, habilidade motora, desempenho do motorResumo
Introdução. Pesquisas anteriores chegaram a conclusões positivas sobre os efeitos da prática mental no desempenho e no aprendizado de uma habilidade motora. O objetivo deste estudo foi utilizar a abordagem meta-analítica de dados agregados para avaliar o impacto da prática física (PP), da prática mental (MP) e da combinação de ambas em testes de aquisição, retenção e transferência no desempenho das habilidades motoras. . Metodologia: Foram incluídos 27 estudos publicados até 2022 por meio de busca em seis bases de dados. Um modelo de efeitos aleatórios foi utilizado usando o tamanho do efeito da diferença média padronizada (SE) para agrupar os resultados. Resultados: Um total de 42 ES foram calculados e separados em comparações pareadas para a fase de aquisição, retenção e transferência. Na fase de aquisição observou-se que o MP foi mais eficaz do que não praticar (ES=0,508; n=25; IC=0,29,0,72), o PP foi mais eficaz do que não praticar (ES=1,78; n= 15; IC= 0,97,2,60), CP foi mais eficaz que não praticar (ES=1,16; n=12; IC=0,57,1,75), PP foi mais eficaz que MP (ES=-1,16; n=23; IC= -1,88, - 0,45), o PP obteve resultados semelhantes ao CP (ES=-0,01; n=16; IC=-0,31,0,28), e o CP foi mais eficaz que o MP (ES=0,61; n=12; IC=0,17,1,04). Na fase de retenção observou-se que a MP foi mais eficaz do que não praticar (ES=1,11; n=5; IC=0,44,1,79), a PP foi mais eficaz do que não praticar (ES=1,03; n=4; IC= 0,08, 1,99), o PP foi mais eficaz que o MP (ES=-1,29; n=9; IC=-3,12,0,54), o PP teve resultados semelhantes ao PC (ES=0,16; n=8; IC= -0,29,0,63). ), o PC teve resultados semelhantes ao MP (ES=-0,06; n=3; IC=-1,22,1,09). Na fase de transferência observou-se que o MP foi mais eficaz do que nenhuma prática (ES=1,12; n=5; IC=0,01,1,59), o PP teve resultados semelhantes a nenhuma prática (ES=0,41; n=5; IC= -0,02,0,85), e o PP foi mais eficaz que o MP (ES=0,50; n=6; IC=0,12,0,87). Idade, nível de habilidade, tipo de prática mental, total de sessões e tipo de habilidade foram considerados possíveis variáveis moderadoras. Conclusões: A prática mental não substitui a prática física, porém, em algumas condições, a prática física pode ser complementada pela prática mental.
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