Hábitos saludables y conductas de riesgo en una muestra de adolescentes de Nicaragua

Yuliana Lobach; Arnoldo José González Suárez; Maria del Carmen Losada Berlanga; Kathia Sehtman Tiomno; Jacqueline Abadi Zebede; Juan Carlos García-Cordero

doi:10.24310/jpehm.6.1.2024.20296

Autores/as

Yuliana Lobach
Arnoldo José González Suárez Venezuela, República Bolivariana de
Maria del Carmen Losada Berlanga España
Kathia Sehtman Tiomno Nicaragua
Jacqueline Abadi Zebede Panamá
Juan Carlos García-Cordero España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/jpehm.6.1.2024.20296

Palabras clave:

jóvenes, salud, bienestar, educación

Resumen

La adolescencia es una etapa crítica para el desarrollo de hábitos que impactan la salud a largo plazo. Este estudio se enfocó en evaluar los hábitos saludables, conductas de riesgo y su relación con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en adolescentes nicaragüenses. Se examinaron factores como alimentación, actividad física, consumo de sustancias, sedentarismo y uso de redes sociales. Se aplicó la encuesta RAPHAEL (Evaluación de Riesgos, Salud Física, Adicciones y Vida Emocional) a 233 estudiantes de secundaria y universitarios menores de 18 años. El IMC se calculó y clasificó según los estándares de la OMS. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos para comparar variables entre grupos y evaluar asociaciones. El sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron más prevalentes en universitarios, mientras que los estudiantes de secundaria reportaron más tiempo en actividades sedentarias, pero también mayor actividad física. Ambos grupos mostraron patrones similares en alimentación. Se observó un consumo considerable de alcohol y tabaco en ambos grupos. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de intervenciones tempranas para promover hábitos saludables y prevenir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en adolescentes nicaragüenses. La relación entre el tiempo sedentario, la actividad física y el IMC subraya la importancia de abordar ambos aspectos en conjunto. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco plantea preocupaciones sobre posibles riesgos para la salud a largo plazo y la necesidad de programas de prevención. Para concluir, este estudio proporciona información valiosa sobre los hábitos de salud y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes nicaragüenses. Los resultados sugieren la implementación de programas integrales de promoción de la salud en entornos educativos, enfocados en alimentación saludable, actividad física, prevención del consumo de sustancias y manejo del peso corporal. Es crucial abordar estos factores para mejorar la salud y el bienestar de los adolescentes en Nicaragua.

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