Psychometric properties of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in athletes

Authors

  • Carlos Artemio Favela Ramírez Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-5673
  • Alejandra Isabel Castro Robles Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Mexico
  • Cecilia Ivonne Bojórquez Díaz Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Mexico
  • Nadia Lourdes Chan Barocio Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora Mexico

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15290

Keywords:

sleep quality, sport, validity and reliability
Agencies: Department of Sport and Health

Abstract

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used instrument in clinical and non-clinical populations for the evaluation of sleep quality. The purpose of this work was to determine the factorial structure and internal consistency of the ICSP in university athletes from southern Sonora, Mexico, for the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the instrument. A non-experimental cross-sectional study was carried out with 98 university athletes, 39 women (38.2%), in a range of 17 to 25 years. The internal consistency and homogeneity of the instrument were evaluated, as well as the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Reliability results indicated a Cronbach's ? of 0.79 after eliminating the components of sleep medication use and habitual sleep efficiency. The EFA identified a two-factor model and the AFC a one-dimensional model. It is concluded that the sleep quality in this sample of athletes is better explained by a unidimensional model of five components.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Walsh NP, Halson SL, Sargent C, Roach GD, Nédélec M, Gupta L, et al. Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations. Br J Sports Med [Internet]. el 1 de abril de 2021 [citado el 5 de julio de 2022];55(7):356–68. Disponible en: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/7/356

Halson SL. Sleep Monitoring in Athletes: Motivation, Methods, Miscalculations and Why it Matters. Sports Med Auckl NZ. octubre de 2019;49(10):1487–97.

Halson SL, Johnston RD, Appaneal RN, Rogers MA, Toohey LA, Drew MK, et al. Sleep Quality in Elite Athletes: Normative Values, Reliability and Understanding Contributors to Poor Sleep. Sports Med [Internet]. el 1 de febrero de 2022 [citado el 5 de julio de 2022];52(2):417–26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01555-1

Gupta L, Morgan K, Gilchrist S. Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review. Sports Med Auckl NZ. julio de 2017;47(7):1317–33.

Swinbourne R, Gill N, Vaile J, Smart D. Prevalence of poor sleep quality, sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnoea risk factors in athletes. Eur J Sport Sci. octubre de 2016;16(7):850–8.

Tuomilehto H, Vuorinen VP, Penttilä E, Kivimäki M, Vuorenmaa M, Venojärvi M, et al. Sleep of professional athletes: Underexploited potential to improve health and performance. J Sports Sci. abril de 2017;35(7):704–10.

Knufinke M, Nieuwenhuys A, Geurts SAE, Coenen AML, Kompier MAJ. Self-reported sleep quantity, quality and sleep hygiene in elite athletes. J Sleep Res. febrero de 2018;27(1):78–85.

Monma T, Ando A, Asanuma T, Yoshitake Y, Yoshida G, Miyazawa T, et al. Sleep disorder risk factors among student athletes. Sleep Med. abril de 2018;44:76–81.

Lastella M, Roach GD, Halson SL, Sargent C. Sleep/wake behaviours of elite athletes from individual and team sports. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(2):94–100.

Sargent C, Halson S, Roach GD. Sleep or swim? Early-morning training severely restricts the amount of sleep obtained by elite swimmers. Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14 Suppl 1:S310-315.

Leeder J, Glaister M, Pizzoferro K, Dawson J, Pedlar C. Sleep duration and quality in elite athletes measured using wristwatch actigraphy. J Sports Sci. 2012;30(6):541–5.

Halson SL. Sleep in Elite Athletes and Nutritional Interventions to Enhance Sleep. Sports Med Auckl Nz [Internet]. 2014 [citado el 6 de julio de 2022];44(Suppl 1):13–23. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4008810/

Ibáñez V, Silva J, Cauli O. A survey on sleep questionnaires and diaries. Sleep Med [Internet]. el 1 de febrero de 2018 [citado el 6 de julio de 2022];42:90–6. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138994571730401X

Manzar MD, BaHammam AS, Hameed UA, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Moscovitch A, et al. Dimensionality of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes [Internet]. el 9 de mayo de 2018 [citado el 6 de julio de 2022];16:89. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5944037/

Manzar MdD, Zannat W, Moiz JA, Spence DW, Pandi-Perumal SR, Bahammam AS, et al. Factor scoring models of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a comparative confirmatory factor analysis. Biol Rhythm Res [Internet]. el 1 de noviembre de 2016 [citado el 6 de julio de 2022];47(6):851–64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2016.1202375

Morris JL, Rohay J, Chasens ER. Sex Differences in the Psychometric Properties of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. J Womens Health [Internet]. el 1 de marzo de 2018 [citado el 7 de julio de 2022];27(3):278–82. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5865255/

Anderson ML, Reale RJ. Discrepancies between self-reported current and ideal sleep behaviors of adolescent athletes. Sleep Sci Sao Paulo Braz. marzo de 2020;13(1):18–24.

Mah CD, Kezirian EJ, Marcello BM, Dement WC. Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep of a collegiate student-athlete population. Sleep Health. junio de 2018;4(3):251–7.

Claudino JG, J Gabbett T, de Sá Souza H, Simim M, Fowler P, de Alcantara Borba D, et al. Which parameters to use for sleep quality monitoring in team sport athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport — Exerc Med [Internet]. el 5 de febrero de 2019 [citado el 6 de julio de 2022];5(1):e000475. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6340585/

Driller MW, Suppiah H, Rogerson D, Ruddock A, James L, Virgile A. Investigating the sleep habits in individual and team-sport athletes using the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Sci Sao Paulo Braz. marzo de 2022;15(1):112–7.

Escobar-Córdoba F, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Colombian validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Rev Neurol. el 1 de febrero de 2005;40(3):150–5.

Royuela A, Macías J. Propiedades clinimetricas de la versión castellana del cuestionario de Pittsburgh. Vigilia-Sueño. el 30 de noviembre de 1997;9:81–94.

Jiménez-Genchi A, Monteverde-Maldonado E, Nenclares-Portocarrero A, Esquivel-Adame G, de la Vega-Pacheco A. Confiabilidad y análisis factorial de la versión en español del índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh en pacientes psiquiátricos. Gac Med Mex. noviembre de 2008;144(6):491–6.

Luna-Solis Y, Robles-Arana Y. Validación del índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh en una muestra Peruana. undefined [Internet]. 2015 [citado el 7 de julio de 2022]; Disponible en: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/VALIDACI%C3%93N-DEL-%C3%8DNDICE-DE-CALIDAD-DE-SUE%C3%91O-DE-EN-UNA-Luna-Solis-Robles-Arana/4f7f6669880eab7154f5c1578b7814fe849b727f

Dunleavy G, Bajpai R, Comiran Tonon A, Chua AP, Cheung KL, Soh CK, et al. Examining the Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a Multi-Ethnic Working Population in Singapore. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. enero de 2019 [citado el 7 de julio de 2022];16(23):4590. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/23/4590

Driller MW, Mah CD, Halson SL. Development of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire: A tool for identifying maladaptive sleep practices in elite athletes. Sleep Sci [Internet]. 2018 [citado el 7 de julio de 2022];11(1):37–44. Disponible en: https://sleepscience.org.br/details/441/en-US

Bender AM, Samuels CH. Comment on: “Does Elite Sport Degrade Sleep Quality? A Systematic Review”. Sports Med Auckl NZ. julio de 2017;47(7):1453–4.

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res [Internet]. 1989;28(2):193–213. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2748771/

Gelaye B, Lohsoonthorn V, Lertmeharit S, Pensuksan WC, Sanchez SE, Lemma S, et al. Construct Validity and Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale in a Multi-National Study of African, South East Asian and South American College Students. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2014;9(12):e116383. Disponible en: /pmc/articles/PMC4281247/ /pmc/articles/PMC4281247/?report=abstract https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4281247/

Cox SD, Benoit JS, Brohard CL, McIntyre TM. Evaluation of sleep quality among nursing faculty: Application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—A descriptive correlational study. Nurs Open [Internet]. 2022 [citado el 8 de julio de 2022];9(1):339–48. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nop2.1067

de la Vega R, Tomé-Pires C, Solé E, Racine M, Castarlenas E, Jensen MP, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Validity and factor structure in young people. Psychol Assess. diciembre de 2015;27(4):e22-27.

Larche CL, Plante I, Roy M, Ingelmo PM, Ferland CE. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: Reliability, Factor Structure, and Related Clinical Factors among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Chronic Pain. Sleep Disord. 2021;2021:5546484.

Beavers AS, Lounsbury JW, Richards JK, Huck SW, Skolits GJ, Esquivel SL. Practical Considerations for Using Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research. Pract Assess Res Eval [Internet]. noviembre de 2013;18(1):6. Disponible en: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/pare/vol18/iss1/6

Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhao M, Li Z, Cook CE, Buysse DJ, et al. Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Community-Based Centenarians. Front Psychiatry. 2020;11:573530.

Beaudreau SA, Spira AP, Stewart A, Kezirian EJ, Lui LY, Ensrud K, et al. Validation of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale in older black and white women. Sleep Med. enero de 2012;13(1):36–42.

Guo S, Sun W, Liu C, Wu S. Structural Validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Chinese Undergraduate Students. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2016 [citado el 22 de agosto de 2022];7. Disponible en: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01126

Carazo-Vargas P, Moncada-Jiménez J. The association between sleep efficiency and physical performance in taekwondo athletes (Asociación entre la eficiencia del sueño y el rendimiento físico en atletas de taekwondo). Retos [Internet]. el 1 de enero de 2020 [citado el 12 de julio de 2022];37:227–32. Disponible en: https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/69860

Nicassio PM, Ormseth SR, Custodio MK, Olmstead R, Weisman MH, Irwin MR. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Behav Sleep Med [Internet]. 2014 [citado el 22 de agosto de 2022];12(1):1–12. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4285368/

Green GA, Uryasz FD, Petr TA, Bray CD. NCAA study of substance use and abuse habits of college student-athletes. Clin J Sport Med Off J Can Acad Sport Med. enero de 2001;11(1):51–6.

Leduc C, Tee J, Weakley J, Ramirez C, Jones B. The Quality, Quantity, and Intraindividual Variability of Sleep Among Students and Student-Athletes. Sports Health [Internet]. el 15 de noviembre de 2019 [citado el 19 de agosto de 2022];12(1):43–50. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6931182/

Li C, Wu Y, Wang X, Tang M, Suppiah HT. Sleep characteristics of elite blind soccer players in China. Biol Rhythm Res [Internet]. el 2 de enero de 2017 [citado el 19 de agosto de 2022];48(1):57–64. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2016.1228573

Published

2022-12-29

How to Cite

Favela Ramírez, C. A., Castro Robles, A. I., Bojórquez Díaz, C. I., & Chan Barocio, N. L. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in athletes. Revista Iberoamericana De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 11(3), 29–46. https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2022.v11i3.15290

Issue

Section

Artículos