Relación entre el nivel de condición física y la inteligencia del alumnado de Educación Infantil

David Zamorano-García; Juan Gregorio Fernández-Bustos; Juan Ángel Simón-Piqueras; Pedro Gil-Madrona; Raquel González-Martínez

doi:10.24310/riccafd.2023.v12i2.17417

Autores/as

David Zamorano-García Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-0215
Juan Gregorio Fernández-Bustos Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9077
Juan Ángel Simón-Piqueras Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-523X
Pedro Gil-Madrona Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6394
Raquel González-Martínez Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/riccafd.2023.v12i2.17417

Palabras clave:

physical activity, physical fitness, intelligence, intelligence quotient, early childhood education

Resumen

Son cada vez más conocidos los beneficios derivados de la mejora de la condición física, concretamente en relación con la cognición, aunque son necesarias más evidencias vinculadas a la inteligencia, especialmente en edades tempranas.

Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue comprobar la posible relación entre los diferentes componentes de la condición física orientada a la salud (CFS) (composición corporal, capacidad músculo – esquelética, capacidad motora y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria) y la inteligencia. La muestra la compuso 25 participantes (13 varones y 12 mujeres) de una edad comprendida entre los 5 y los 6 años, del tercer curso de Educación Infantil. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos de evaluación; la batería PREFIT para medir los diferentes componentes de la CFS y el test de Goodenough para medir la inteligencia en términos de coeficiente intelectual (CI).

Los resultados mostraron correlación significativa entre inteligencia y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, así como con la capacidad músculo – esquelética (salto de longitud con pies juntos) y sus respectivos percentiles. Además, los participantes del grupo de inteligencia alta mostraron mejores resultados en todos los componentes de la CFS que el resto.

Coincidiendo con algunos estudios previos, niveles superiores de CFS se asocian positiva y significativamente con la inteligencia en escolares de Educación Infantil. Por ello, se destaca la relevancia de fomentar la práctica de actividad física orientada al desarrollo de la CFS desde edades muy tempranas, especialmente en el contexto de la Educación Física escolar.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Métricas

Cargando métricas ...

Citas

Collins H, Booth JN, Duncan A, Fawkner S, Niven A. The Effect of Resistance Training Interventions on “The Self” in Youth: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med Open. 2019: 5(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-019-0205-0

Smedegaard S, Christiansen LB, Lund-Cramer P, Bredahl T, Skovgaard T. Improving the well-being of children and youths: a randomized multicomponent, school-based, physical activity intervention. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3794-2

2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.

Janssen I, LeBlanc AG. Systematic review of the health benefits of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010; 7(1): 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-7-40

Lehto S, Reunamo J, Ruismäki H. Children’s peer relations and children’s physical activity. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2012; 45: 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.564

Ahn S, Fedewa AL. A meta-analysis of the relationship between children’s physical activity and mental health. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011; 36(4): 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsq107

Dale LP, Vanderloo L, Moore S, Faulkner G. Physical activity and depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in children and youth: An umbrella systematic review. Ment Health Phys Act. 2019; 16: 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.12.001

Global Research Database. [Internet]. California: Corwin. Visible Learning MetaX [actualizado junio de 2023; citado 2 de agosto de 2023]. Disponible en: https://www.visiblelearningmetax.com/Influences

Ferri-García R, Fernández-Luna JM, Rodríguez-López C, Chillón P. Data mining techniques to analyze the factors influencing active commuting to school. Int J Sustain Transp. 2019; 14: 308-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1547465

Pate RR., Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, Buchner D, Ettinger W, Heath GW, King AC. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995; 273(5): 402–407. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.273.5.402

Blair SN, Clark DG, Cureton KJ, Powell KE. Exercise and fitness in childhood: Implications for a lifetime of health. En: Gisolfi, CV, Lamb, DR, editores. Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine: Youth, Exercise, and Sport. Vol. 2. Indianápolis: Benchmark Press; 1989. p. 401-430.

Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Sánchez-López M. Relación entre actividad física y condición física en niños y adolescentes. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008; 61(2): 108-111.

Hillman CH, Logan NE, Shigeta TT. A Review of Acute Physical Activity Effects on Brain and Cognition in Children. Transl J Am Coll Sports Med. 2019; 4(17): 132-136. https://doi.org/10.1249/TJX.0000000000000101

Hillman CH, McDonald KM, Logan NE. A Review of the Effects of Physical Activity on Cognition and Brain Health across Children and Adolescence. Suiza: Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series; 2020.

Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Castro-Piñero J, Artero EG, Ortega FB, Cuenca-García M, Jiménez-Pavón D, Chillón P, Girela-Rejón MJ, Mora J, Gutiérrez A, Suni J, Sjöstrom M, Castillo MJ. Batería ALPHA-Fitness: test de campo para la evaluación de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes. Nutr Hosp. 2011; 26(6): 1210-1214.

Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Castillo MJ., Sjöström M. Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence: a powerful marker of health. Int J Obes. 2008; 32(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803774

Ganley KJ, Paterno MV, Miles C, Stout J, Brawner L, Girolami G, Warren M. Health-related fitness in children and adolescents. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2011; 23(3): 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEP.0b013e318227b3fc

De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, Brotons C, Cifkova R, Dallongeville J, Ebrahim S, Faergeman O, Graham I, Mancia G, Cats VM, Orth-Gomér K, Perk J, Pyörälä K, Rodicio JL, Sans S, Sansoy V, Sechtem U, Silber S, Thomsen T, Wood D. European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third joint task force of European and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003; 10(4): S1–S10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2

Hurtig-Wennlöf A, Ruiz JR, Harro M, Sjöström M. Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly than physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study. 2020; Eur Heart J. 2007; 14(4): 575–581. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e32808c67e3

Gu X, Chang M, Solmon MA. Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Health-Related Quality of Life in School-Aged Children. J Teach Phys Educ. 2016; 35(2): 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2015-0110

Myers J, Kaykha A, George S, Abella J, Zaheer N, Lear S, Yamazaki T, Froelicher V. Fitness versus physical activity patterns in predicting mortality in men. Am J Med. 2004; 117(12): 912–918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.047

Erikssen G, Liestøl K, Bjørnholt J, Thaulow E, Sandvik L, Erikssen J. Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality. Lancet; 1998; 352(9130): 759–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)02268-5

Hussey J, Bell C, Bennett K, O'Dwyer J, Gormley J. Relationship between the intensity of physical activity, inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in 7-10-year-old Dublin children. Br J Sports Med. 2007; 41(5): 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.032045

Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J, Artero EG, Ortega FB, Sjöström M, Suni J, Castillo MJ. Predictive validity of health-related fitness in youth: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2009; 43(12): 909–923. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.056499

Morales PF, Sánchez-López M, Moya-Martínez P, García-Prieto JC, Martínez-Andrés M, García NL, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Health-related quality of life, obesity, and fitness in schoolchildren: The Cuenca Study. Qual Life Res. 2013; 22(7): 1515–1523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0282-8

Fogelholm M. Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review. Obes Rev 2010; 11(3): 202–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x

Andersen LB, Sardinha LB, Froberg K, Riddoch CJ, Page AS, Anderssen SA. Fitness, fatness and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in children from Denmark, Estonia and Portugal: the European Youth Heart Study. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008; 3(1): 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/17477160801896366

Eisenmann JC. Aerobic fitness, fatness and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 2007; 96(12): 1723–1729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00534.x

Foley S, Quinn S, Jones G. Tracking of bone mass from childhood to adolescence and factors that predict deviation from tracking. Bone. 2009; 44(5): 752–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.11.009

Donnelly JE, Hillman CH, Castelli D, Etnier JL, Lee S, Tomporowski P, Lambourne K, Szabo-Reed AN. Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016; 48(6): 1197–1222. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000901

Fernández- García JC, Rodríguez- Moreno C. Relación entre la condición física, sobrepeso, rendimiento académico e inteligencia en escolares. En: Ruiz-Juan, F, González-Jurado, JA, Calvo-Lluch, A (coord.) Libro de actas del XII Congreso internacional sobre la enseñanza de la Educación Física y el deporte escolar. Villena, España: APEF; 2017. 515-524.

Roberts CK, Freed B, McCarthy WJ. Low aerobic fitness and obesity are associated with lower standardized test scores in children. J Pediatr. 2010; 156(5): 711–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.039

Chu C-H, Chen F-T, Pontifex MB, Sun Y, Chang Y-K. Health-related physical fitness, academic achievement, and neuroelectric measures in children and adolescents. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2016; 6: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1223420

Gil-Espinosa FJ, Chillón P, Fernández-García JC, Cadenas-Sánchez C. Association of Physical Fitness with Intelligence and Academic Achievement in Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020; 17(12): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124362

Ortega FB, Cadenas-Sánchez C, Sánchez-Delgado G, Mora-González J, Martínez-Téllez B, Artero EG, Castro-Piñero J, Labayen I, Chillón P, Löf M, Ruiz JR. Systematic review and proposal of a field-based physical fitness-test battery in preschool children: the PREFIT battery. Sports Med. 2015; 45(4): 533–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0281-8

Cadenas-Sánchez C, Intemann T, Labayen I, Peinado AB, Vidal-Conti J, Sanchís-Moysi J, Moliner-Urdiales D, Rodríguez Pérez MA, Cañete García-Prieto J, Fernández-Santos JDR, Martínez-Téllez B, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Löf M, Ruiz JR, Ortega FB. PREFIT project group. Physical fitness reference standards for preschool children: The PREFIT project. J Sci Med Sport. 2019; 22(4): 430–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.227

Goodenough FL. Test de inteligencia infantil por medio del dibujo de la figura humana: Manual. Buenos Aires: Paidós; 1961.

Latorre-Román PÁ, Mora-López D, García-Pinillos F. Intellectual maturity and physical fitness in preschool children. Pediatr Int. 2016; 58(6): 450–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.12898

Mezcua-Hidalgo A, Ruiz-Ariza A, Ferreira Brandão de Loureiro VA, Martínez-López EJ. Capacidades físicas y su relación con la memoria, cálculo matemático, razonamiento lingüístico y creatividad en adolescentes. Retos. 2020; 37: 473–479. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.71089

Cámara-Martínez A, Suárez-Manzano S, Martínez-López EJ, Ruiz-Ariza A. Asociación de la condición física con inteligencia, autoestima, autoconcepto y habilidades sociales en preescolar. EmásF, Revista Digital de Educación Física. 2023; 14(82): 31-47.