Comportamientos de autolesión en jóvenes con medida de internamiento en medio cerrado
Palabras clave:
Menores delincuentes, Centro de internamiento, Decisiones judiciales, Autolesiones, Uso terapéuticoResumen
Las autolesiones en adolescentes es un tema que preocupa cada vez más en la actualidad, tanto por las consecuencias que va ocasionando, como la extensión que está tomando. Cuando se analizan poblaciones adolescentes, que presentan especiales signos de vulnerabilidad y en contextos de aislamiento, puede observarse como las conductas autolesivas son más manifiestas y alcanzan formas y modos adaptados a la idiosincrasia de la situación. En el presente artículo se estudia un grupo poblacional en un contexto muy particular y escasamente investigado, pretendiendo identificar variables específicas de esta población que permitir prever dichas conductas. Los resultados obtenidos dirigen a que los episodios autolesivos son más numerosos de lo que la bibliografía internacional presenta y que los emisores de dichas conductas presentan relación con antecedentes de consumo de drogas y de problemas de salud mental, así como la comisión de delitos violentos.
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1. Appelbaum, K. L.,Savageau, J. A., Trestman, R. L., Metzner, J. L., y Baillargeon, J. (2011). A national survey of self-injurious behavior in american prisons. Psychiatric services, 62, 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.62.3.pss6203_0285
2. Barrocas, A. L., Hankin, B. L., Young, J. F. y Abela, J. R. (2012). Rates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: Age, Sex, and Behavioral Methods in a Community Sample. Pediatrics, 130, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2094
3. Bori?evi?, V., Aukst, B., Ožani?, S., ?ureti?, I., Kniewald, H. y Paradžik, L. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury among psychiatric outpatient adolescent offspring of Croatian posttraumatic stress disorder male war veterans: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61, 265-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014541248
4. Casiano, H., Katz, Y., Globerman, D., y Sareen, J. (2013). Suicide and Deliberate Self-injurious Behavior in Juvenile Correctional Facilities: A Review. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 22, 118–124.
5. Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., y Vertommen, H. (2007).Self-injury in female versus male psychiatric patients: A comparison of characteristics, psychopathology and aggression regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 611- 621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.021
6. Coid, J., Wilkins, J., Coid, B. y Everitt, B. (1992).Self-mutilation in female remanded prisoners II: a cluster analytic approach towards identification of a behavioural síndrome. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1992.2.1.1
7. Darche, M. A. (1990). Psychological factors differentiating self-mutilating and non-self-mutilating adolescent inpatient females. The Psychiatric Hospital, 21, 31–35.
8. Emerson, L.E. (1914).The case of Miss A: A preliminary report of a psychoanalysis study and treatment of a case of self-mutilation. Psychoanalytic Review, 1, 41–54.
9. Favazza, A. (1987). Bodies Under Siege: Self-mutilation and Body Modification in Culture and Psychiatry. Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
10. Frigon, S. (2001). Femmes et emprisonnement: le marquage du corps et l’automutilation. Criminologie, 34, 31-56. https://doi.org/10.7202/027504ar
11. García, G. (2015). Self-harm in children placed in a court-mandated holding and education centre. Analysis of soio-demographic variables and influence of implementation of judicial measures. Rev. Sanidad Penitenciaria, 17, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1575-06202015000200004
12. Graff, H. y Mallin, R. (1967). The syndrome of the wrist cutter. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.1.36
13. Gray, S. G., McGleish, A., MacCulloch, M. J., Hill, C., Timmons, D., y Snowden, R. (2003).Prediction of violence and self-harm in mentally disordered offenders: A prospective study of the efficacy of HCR-20, PCL–R, and psychiatric symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 182, 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.443
14. Grunebaum, H. U. y Klerman, G. L. (1967). Wrist slashing. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 113-120.
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.4.527
15. Hales, H., Davison, S., Misch, P. y Taylor, P. J. (2003).Young male prisoners in a Young Offenders’ Institution: Their contact with suicidal behaviour by others. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 667–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00063-0
16. Hawton, K., Fagg, J., Simkin, S., Bale, E y Bond, A. (2000). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents in Oxford, 1985–1995. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0290
17. Hawton, K., Linsell, L., Adeniji, T., Sariaslan, A. y Fazel, S. (2014). Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: an epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. Lancet, 383, 1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62118-2
18. Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E y Weatherall, R. (2002).Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. British Medical Journal, 235, 1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
19. Horton, N., Wright, N., Dyer, W., Wright-Hughes, A., Farrin, A. y Mohammed, Z. (2014). Assessing the risk of self-harm in an adult offender population: an incidence cohort study. Health Technol Asses, 18, 1-151. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta18640
20. Ireland, J. L. 2000). A descriptive analysis of self-harm reports among a sample of incarcerated adolescent males. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 605-613. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0347
21. Kenny, D. T., Lennings, C. J., y Munn, O. A. (2008). Risk factors for self-harm and suicide in incarcerated young offenders: Implications for policy and practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8, 358–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930802199317
22. Kharsati, N y Bhola, P. (2014). Patterns of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours among college students in India. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 61, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014535755
23. Kirchner, T., Ferrer, L., Forns, M. y Zanini, D. (2011).Conducta autolesiva e ideación suicida en estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. Diferencias de género y relación con estrategias de afrontamiento. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39, 226-235.
24. Klonsky, D., Glenn, C. R., Styer, D. M., Olino, T. M. y Washburn, J. J. (2015).The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury: converging evidence for a two-factor structure. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 28, 9-44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0073-4
25. Klonsky, E. D. y Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007).Self-Injury: A Research Review for the Practitioner. Journal of Clinical Psychology: in session, 63, 1045-1056.
26. Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F. y Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate Self-Harm in a Nonclinical Population: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
27. Lanes, E. (2009). Identification of Risk Factors for Self-Injurious Behavior in Male Prisoners. Journal forensic sciences, 54, 692–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01028.x
28. Laye-Gindhu, A. y Schonert-Reichl, R. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the ‘whats’ and ‘whys’ of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447– 457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
29. Loughran, M. y Seewoonarain, K. (2005). Characteristics of need and risk among women prisoners referred to inreach mental health services. The British Journal of Forensic Practice, 7, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/14636646200500017
30. Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., De Leo, D. y de Wilde, E. P. (2011). Sychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 20, 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0210-4
31. Mannion, A. (2009). Self-harm in a dangerous and severely personality disordered population. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940802377106
32. Martin, M. S., Shannon, K., Dorken, S. K., Colman, I., Mc Kenzie, K. y Simpson, A. I. (2014).The Incidence and Prediction of Self-Injury Among Sentenced Prisoners. Can J Psychiatry, 59, 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405900505
33. Matsumoto, T., Yamaguchi, A., Chiba, Y., Asami, T., Iseki, E. y Hirayasu, Y. (2004). Patterns of self-cutting: A preliminary study on differences in clinical implications between wrist- and arm-cutting using a Japanese juvenile detention center sample. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 377-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01271.x
34. Mohino, S., Ortega, L., Planchart, L. M., y Cuquerella, A. (2002). Diferencias clínicas y psicosociales entre jóvenes reclusos con episodios de autolesiones. Rev. Esp. Sanid. Penitenciaria, 4, 78-83.
35. Morgan, J. y Hawton, K. (2002). Self-reported suicidal behavior in juvenile offenders in custody: Prevalence and associated factors. Crisis, 25, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.1.8
36. Riley, D. (2010). Étude comparative des rapports d’enquête sur le suicide et sur l’automutilation chez les délinquants sous responsabilité fédérale au Canada. Service correctionnel du Canada. (accedido mayo 2016). Disponible en: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/recherche/005008-0221-fra.shtml
37. Sacarcelik, G., Türkcan, A., Güveli, H y Ye?ilba?, D. (2011). The prevalence of deliberate self-harm behavior and its association with sociodemographic features in patients referred to secondary care psychiatric clinic for adolescents and young adults. The journal of psychiatry and neurological sciences, 24, 253-264.
38. Ulloa, R. E., Contreras, C., Paniagua, K. y Victoria, G. (2013). Frecuencia de autolesiones y características clínicas asociadas en adolescentes que acudieron a un hospital psiquiátrico infantil. Rev. Salud Mental, 36, 417-420. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2013.052
39. Whitlock, J., Eckenrode, J. y Silverman, D. (2006). Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics, 117, 1939–1948. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2543
2. Barrocas, A. L., Hankin, B. L., Young, J. F. y Abela, J. R. (2012). Rates of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Youth: Age, Sex, and Behavioral Methods in a Community Sample. Pediatrics, 130, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2094
3. Bori?evi?, V., Aukst, B., Ožani?, S., ?ureti?, I., Kniewald, H. y Paradžik, L. (2014). Non-suicidal self-injury among psychiatric outpatient adolescent offspring of Croatian posttraumatic stress disorder male war veterans: Prevalence and psychosocial correlates. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 61, 265-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014541248
4. Casiano, H., Katz, Y., Globerman, D., y Sareen, J. (2013). Suicide and Deliberate Self-injurious Behavior in Juvenile Correctional Facilities: A Review. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 22, 118–124.
5. Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., y Vertommen, H. (2007).Self-injury in female versus male psychiatric patients: A comparison of characteristics, psychopathology and aggression regulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 611- 621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.07.021
6. Coid, J., Wilkins, J., Coid, B. y Everitt, B. (1992).Self-mutilation in female remanded prisoners II: a cluster analytic approach towards identification of a behavioural síndrome. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.1992.2.1.1
7. Darche, M. A. (1990). Psychological factors differentiating self-mutilating and non-self-mutilating adolescent inpatient females. The Psychiatric Hospital, 21, 31–35.
8. Emerson, L.E. (1914).The case of Miss A: A preliminary report of a psychoanalysis study and treatment of a case of self-mutilation. Psychoanalytic Review, 1, 41–54.
9. Favazza, A. (1987). Bodies Under Siege: Self-mutilation and Body Modification in Culture and Psychiatry. Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
10. Frigon, S. (2001). Femmes et emprisonnement: le marquage du corps et l’automutilation. Criminologie, 34, 31-56. https://doi.org/10.7202/027504ar
11. García, G. (2015). Self-harm in children placed in a court-mandated holding and education centre. Analysis of soio-demographic variables and influence of implementation of judicial measures. Rev. Sanidad Penitenciaria, 17, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1575-06202015000200004
12. Graff, H. y Mallin, R. (1967). The syndrome of the wrist cutter. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.1.36
13. Gray, S. G., McGleish, A., MacCulloch, M. J., Hill, C., Timmons, D., y Snowden, R. (2003).Prediction of violence and self-harm in mentally disordered offenders: A prospective study of the efficacy of HCR-20, PCL–R, and psychiatric symptomatology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 182, 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.3.443
14. Grunebaum, H. U. y Klerman, G. L. (1967). Wrist slashing. American Journal of Psychiatry, 124, 113-120.
https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.124.4.527
15. Hales, H., Davison, S., Misch, P. y Taylor, P. J. (2003).Young male prisoners in a Young Offenders’ Institution: Their contact with suicidal behaviour by others. Journal of Adolescence, 26, 667–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00063-0
16. Hawton, K., Fagg, J., Simkin, S., Bale, E y Bond, A. (2000). Deliberate self-harm in adolescents in Oxford, 1985–1995. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.1999.0290
17. Hawton, K., Linsell, L., Adeniji, T., Sariaslan, A. y Fazel, S. (2014). Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: an epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. Lancet, 383, 1147–1154. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62118-2
18. Hawton, K., Rodham, K., Evans, E y Weatherall, R. (2002).Deliberate self harm in adolescents: self report survey in schools in England. British Medical Journal, 235, 1207-1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1207
19. Horton, N., Wright, N., Dyer, W., Wright-Hughes, A., Farrin, A. y Mohammed, Z. (2014). Assessing the risk of self-harm in an adult offender population: an incidence cohort study. Health Technol Asses, 18, 1-151. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta18640
20. Ireland, J. L. 2000). A descriptive analysis of self-harm reports among a sample of incarcerated adolescent males. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 605-613. https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0347
21. Kenny, D. T., Lennings, C. J., y Munn, O. A. (2008). Risk factors for self-harm and suicide in incarcerated young offenders: Implications for policy and practice. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8, 358–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930802199317
22. Kharsati, N y Bhola, P. (2014). Patterns of non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours among college students in India. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry, 61, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014535755
23. Kirchner, T., Ferrer, L., Forns, M. y Zanini, D. (2011).Conducta autolesiva e ideación suicida en estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria. Diferencias de género y relación con estrategias de afrontamiento. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39, 226-235.
24. Klonsky, D., Glenn, C. R., Styer, D. M., Olino, T. M. y Washburn, J. J. (2015).The functions of nonsuicidal self-injury: converging evidence for a two-factor structure. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 28, 9-44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-015-0073-4
25. Klonsky, E. D. y Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2007).Self-Injury: A Research Review for the Practitioner. Journal of Clinical Psychology: in session, 63, 1045-1056.
26. Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F. y Turkheimer, E. (2003). Deliberate Self-Harm in a Nonclinical Population: Prevalence and Psychological Correlates. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1501-1508. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1501
27. Lanes, E. (2009). Identification of Risk Factors for Self-Injurious Behavior in Male Prisoners. Journal forensic sciences, 54, 692–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2009.01028.x
28. Laye-Gindhu, A. y Schonert-Reichl, R. A. (2005). Nonsuicidal self-harm among community adolescents: Understanding the ‘whats’ and ‘whys’ of self-harm. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34, 447– 457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-7262-z
29. Loughran, M. y Seewoonarain, K. (2005). Characteristics of need and risk among women prisoners referred to inreach mental health services. The British Journal of Forensic Practice, 7, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/14636646200500017
30. Madge, N., Hawton, K., McMahon, E. M., Corcoran, P., De Leo, D. y de Wilde, E. P. (2011). Sychological characteristics, stressful life events and deliberate self-harm: findings from the Child & Adolescent Self-harm in Europe (CASE) Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 20, 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0210-4
31. Mannion, A. (2009). Self-harm in a dangerous and severely personality disordered population. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology, 20, 322–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940802377106
32. Martin, M. S., Shannon, K., Dorken, S. K., Colman, I., Mc Kenzie, K. y Simpson, A. I. (2014).The Incidence and Prediction of Self-Injury Among Sentenced Prisoners. Can J Psychiatry, 59, 259–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405900505
33. Matsumoto, T., Yamaguchi, A., Chiba, Y., Asami, T., Iseki, E. y Hirayasu, Y. (2004). Patterns of self-cutting: A preliminary study on differences in clinical implications between wrist- and arm-cutting using a Japanese juvenile detention center sample. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 58, 377-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01271.x
34. Mohino, S., Ortega, L., Planchart, L. M., y Cuquerella, A. (2002). Diferencias clínicas y psicosociales entre jóvenes reclusos con episodios de autolesiones. Rev. Esp. Sanid. Penitenciaria, 4, 78-83.
35. Morgan, J. y Hawton, K. (2002). Self-reported suicidal behavior in juvenile offenders in custody: Prevalence and associated factors. Crisis, 25, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.25.1.8
36. Riley, D. (2010). Étude comparative des rapports d’enquête sur le suicide et sur l’automutilation chez les délinquants sous responsabilité fédérale au Canada. Service correctionnel du Canada. (accedido mayo 2016). Disponible en: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/recherche/005008-0221-fra.shtml
37. Sacarcelik, G., Türkcan, A., Güveli, H y Ye?ilba?, D. (2011). The prevalence of deliberate self-harm behavior and its association with sociodemographic features in patients referred to secondary care psychiatric clinic for adolescents and young adults. The journal of psychiatry and neurological sciences, 24, 253-264.
38. Ulloa, R. E., Contreras, C., Paniagua, K. y Victoria, G. (2013). Frecuencia de autolesiones y características clínicas asociadas en adolescentes que acudieron a un hospital psiquiátrico infantil. Rev. Salud Mental, 36, 417-420. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2013.052
39. Whitlock, J., Eckenrode, J. y Silverman, D. (2006). Self-injurious behaviors in a college population. Pediatrics, 117, 1939–1948. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2543
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2018-09-02
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García Prado, G. ., & Boira Sarto, S. . (2018). Comportamientos de autolesión en jóvenes con medida de internamiento en medio cerrado. Escritos De Psicología - Psychological Writings, 11(2), 92–100. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.uma.es/index.php/espsi/article/view/9381
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