El bienestar subjetivo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.vi6.13409Palabras clave:
Bienestar subjetivo, calidad de vida, estructura factorial, diferencias individualesResumen
En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis del concepto de bienestar subjetivo. Inicialmente se lleva a cabo desde una perspectiva histórica una acotación del término, analizando sus elementos integrantes. Entre éstos destacan sus componentes afectivoemocional y cognitivo-racional, identificados respectivamente con las medidas de balance afectivo y satisfacción vital. Junto con esta dimensión afectivocognitiva, se tienen en cuenta otras –positivo-negativo, frecuencia-intensidad e interno-externo-, así como todas aquellas variables que influyen en el bienestar subjetivo, agrupándolas en las siguientes categorías: salud y variables sociode-mográficas, características individuales, variables comportamentales y acontecimientos vitales. Por último, se describen las teorías y modelos explicativos del bienestar subjetivo, tanto desde la perspectiva abajo-arriba (bottom-up) interesada en la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas como vía para conseguirlo, cuanto desde el enfoque arribaabajo (top-down), que centra sus esfuerzos en los aspectos interno-perceptivos que condicionan la valoración del sujeto acerca de su bienestar. Entre estas últimas se destaca la Teoría de las Discrepancias Múltiples, de Michalos.
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