La interferencia retroactiva entre claves entrenadas por separado: evidencia empírica y enfoques teóricos

Cristina Orgaz; David Luque; Miguel A. Vadillo; Francisco J. López; Helena Matute

doi:10.24310/espsiescpsi.v2i1.13362

Autores/as

Cristina Orgaz Universidad de Deusto España
David Luque Universidad de Málaga España
Miguel A. Vadillo Universidad de Deusto España
Francisco J. López Universidad de Málaga España
Helena Matute Universidad de Deusto España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v2i1.13362

Palabras clave:

Interferencia retroactiva, aprendizaje asociativo, aprendizaje causal

Resumen

La interferencia retroactiva entre claves entrenadas elementalmente fue en su día un fenómeno muy estudiado en la psicología de la memoria, dentro de la tradición de los pares asociados. Sin embargo, las teorías actuales del aprendizaje predicen que no debería ocurrir interferencia entre claves si estas se entrenan por separado. En este trabajo revisamos la evidencia disponible y mostramos que la interferencia entre claves tiene enormes similitudes con otros efectos clásicos del aprendizaje, especialmente con los efectos de interferencia entre resultados y de competición entre claves. Postulamos, por tanto, que tiene sentido establecer una mayor conexión entre todas estas áreas de investigación y plantear que es muy posible que todos estos efectos sean debidos a mecanismos comunes. Finalmente discutimos si los procesos asociativos o los procesos de inferencia causal que se estudian actualmente en la psicología del aprendizaje podrían dar cuenta de estos efectos.

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