Estructura de la Memoria Operativa: Comparando diferentes modelos en la infancia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v5i2.13298Palabras clave:
Memoria Operativa, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, Niños, AWMAResumen
La Memoria Operativa (MO) es un sistema de memoria activa responsable del almacenamiento temporal y procesamiento concurrente de información. Diferentes autores han considerado a la MO como un sistema complejo pero unitario, otros sugieren una estructura más compleja. Uno de los modelos más aceptados es el de Baddeley y Hitch (1974) que propone dos componentes de modalidad específica, el Bucle Fonológico y la Agenda Viso-Espacial, y un sistema ejecutivo supervisor, el Ejecutivo Central. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir al debate de la estructura de la MO en tres grupos de edades de niños, evaluando diferentes modelos, a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se administró la Batería Automatizada de Memoria Operativa (Alloway, 2007; Injoque-Ricle, Calero, Alloway & Burin, 2011) a 180 niños de habla española, distribuidos en tres grupos de edades (60 sujetos cada uno) de 6, 8 y 11 años. Los resultados sugieren que la estructura de la MO no sería uniforme entre los grupos evaluados, mostrando una diferenciación y especialización a lo largo de la infancia. Entre los 6 y los 8 años comienza a observarse una estructura y se complejiza hacia la adolescencia.
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