Seres vivos y artefactos: ¿efectos categoriales producto de la ausencia de color en tareas de denominación de dibujos?

Autores/as

  • María Macarena Martínez-Cuitiño Instituto de Lingüística, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva Ineco (INECO). Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Lenguaje (LILEN) - Fundación Ineco (FINECO) Argentina
  • Virginia Jaichenco Instituto de Lingüística - Facultad de Filosofía y Letras - Universidad de Buenos Aires Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v8i1.13228

Palabras clave:

Memoria Semántica, Denominación, Dominios, Categorías semánticas

Resumen

Los pacientes con lesiones cerebrales adquiridas pueden presentar dificultades para el procesamiento de una única categoría semántica. El dominio de seres vivos se altera con mayor frecuencia. Los resultados obtenidos en tareas de denominación en controles son aún contradictorios. La mayor parte de las investigaciones reportan una ventaja significativa para seres vivos en promedio de aciertos y velocidad de respuesta. No obstante, dependiendo del tipo de material utilizado, algunos trabajos identificaron una ventaja para artefactos. Con frecuencia se utilizan dibujos sin color, omitiendo el atributo perceptual “color” fundamental en el procesamiento de seres vivos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, en un grupo de controles jóvenes, posibles diferencias en la denominación de seres vivos y artefactos con una tarea de denominación con tiempos de respuesta omitiendo el atributo semántico color. Los estímulos se em-parejaron en las principales variables psicolingüísticas: acuerdo en el nombre, complejidad visual, frecuencia léxica, familiaridad conceptual, edad de adquisición, cantidad de sílabas y número de fonemas. Los resultados muestran que los artefactos se denominan con mayor precisión y velocidad. Asimismo las categorías incluidas en el dominio de artefactos obtienen una ventaja significativa frente a las de seres vivos pero sólo en las que el atributo perceptual color es fundamental (animales y frutas/verduras). Esto no ocurre con la categoría de partes de cuerpo en la que este atributo no es fundamental para su reconocimiento.

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Publicado

2015-05-01

Cómo citar

Martínez-Cuitiño, M. M., & Jaichenco, V. (2015). Seres vivos y artefactos: ¿efectos categoriales producto de la ausencia de color en tareas de denominación de dibujos?. Escritos De Psicología - Psychological Writings, 8(1), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.24310/espsiescpsi.v8i1.13228

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