Arquitectura foliar y otros caracteres del esporo?fito en especies neotropicales de Marattia Sw., Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v30i0.7179Abstract
RESUMEN. Arquitectura foliar y otros caracteres del esporófito en especies neotropicales de Marattia Sw., Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta. Se estudió la arquitectura foliar y la anatomía de ejes y láminas en siete especies neotropicales de Marattia: M. alata Sw., M. cicutifolia Kaulf., M. excavata Underw., M. interposita H. Christ, M. laevis Sm., M. laxa Kunze y M. weinmanniifolia Liebm. Los rizomas desnudos, amiláceos, policiclostélicos, las estípulas amiláceas y la presencia de pulvínulos son rasgos de familia en Marattiaceae Bercht. & J. S. Presl. Los rizomas erectos, muricados, las estípulas vascularizadas con lenticelas, las frondas monomórficas y dos clases de tejidos mecánicos (colénquima en raíces, rizomas, estípites y pulvínulos, esclerénquima en raquis, costas y cóstulas) son rasgos genéricos que Marattia comparte con el género paleotropical Angiopteris Hoffm. La división de la lámina segrega grupos de especies, con frondas 2-pinnadas ó 3-4-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales). La presencia de una pínnula terminal, el contorno, margen, tamaño y venación de las pínnulas, y la separación constante de estas sobre las costas son caracteres diagnósticos específicos en especies con frondas 2-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales). La presencia de un segmento terminal irregular en las pinnas, los tipos de ápices de las pínnulas, la separación acrópetamente decreciente entre pínnulas, el contorno, ápice, tamaño y venación de las pinnúlulas y segmentos de cuarto orden son caracteres diagnósticos específicos en especies con frondas 3-4-pinnadas (neotropicales y paleotropicales).
Palabras clave. Marattia, neotrópico, arquitectura foliar, anatomía del esporófito.
ABSTRACT. Foliar architecture and other characters of the sporophyte in neotropical species of Marattia Sw., (Marattiaceae-Pteridophyta. Architecture of fronds and the anatomy of axis and laminae were studied in seven neotropical species of Marattia : M. alata Sw., M. cicutifolia Kaulf., M. excavata Underw., M. interposita H. Christ, M. laevis Sm., M. laxa Kunze and M. weinmanniifolia Liebm. Naked, polycyclostelic, amylaceous rhizomes, amylaceous stipules, and pulvinules are familiar traits in the Marattiaceae Bercht. & J. S. Presl. Erect, muricate rhizomes, vascularized stipules with lenticels, monomorphic fronds, and two kinds of mechanic tissues (collenchyma in roots, rhizomes, stipes and pulvinules, and sclerenchyma in rachises, costae and costules) are generic traits in Marattia, shared also by the paleotropical genus Angiopteris Hoffm. Division of the lamina segregates groups of species: 2-pinnate and 3-4-pinnate laminae occur both in neotropical and paleotropical species of the genus. Presence of a terminal pinnula, outline, size, margin, and venation of pinnules, an equal distance between each pinnules along costae, and types of margin of pinnules are diagnostic characters to the specific level in 2-pinnate species (both neotropical and paleotropical ones), while pinnae ended in an irregular terminal segment, types of apices of the pinnules, acropetally diminishing distances between pinnules on the costae, outline, apex, size, and venation of the pinnulets and fourth order segments are diagnostic characters to the specific level in 3-4-pinnate species (both the neotropical and paleotropical ones).
Key words. Marattia, Neotropic, foliar architecture, anatomy of sporophyte.
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