Efectos de la incorporación de realidad virtual en programas de prevención y rehabilitación de caídas

Álvaro Utrera Escalona; José López Aguilar; Jaime Rodríguez Guerrero

doi:10.24310/jpehm.7.1.2025.21997

Autores/as

Álvaro Utrera Escalona España
José López Aguilar Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Osuna, 41640 Osuna, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain España
Jaime Rodríguez Guerrero Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain. España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/jpehm.7.1.2025.21997

Palabras clave:

prevención de caídas, exergaming, adultos mayores, tecnología inmersiva

Resumen

Introducción: El envejecimiento es un fenómeno irreversible que está aumentando globalmente, provocando un aumento en la población mayor de 60 años. Este aumento presenta desafíos como el incremento del riesgo de caídas, la fragilidad y dependencia, afectando de manera directa a la calidad de vida y a los sistemas de salud pública. Objetivo: Analizar la literatura referente a la realidad virtual y el riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, CINAHL Complete y SPORTDiscus, seleccionando artículos de los últimos cinco años, en inglés, con acceso a texto completo. Se incluyeron estudios sobre programas de realidad virtual en adultos mayores con riesgo de caídas, priorizando diseños experimentales con resultados en equilibrio, movilidad funcional, función física y cognitiva. Resultados: Se revisaron ocho ensayos clínicos que, en general, mostraron que las intervenciones de realidad virtual produjeron mejoras en pruebas como el Timed Up-and-Go, la Escala de Eficacia para Caídas y la Escala de Equilibrio de Berg. Algunos estudios informaron también beneficios adicionales en la función física y cognitiva respecto a intervenciones tradicionales. Conclusión: Los programas de realidad virtual pueden disminuir el riesgo de caídas en la población mayor. Las intervenciones VR tuvieron una mejora sobre los indicadores de equilibrio, función física y función cognitiva significativa en comparación con intervenciones tradicionales.

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