The Practicum as a laboratory for critical literacy in Artificial Intelligence: a theoretical-propositional study

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.2.2025.22868

Keywords:

Inteligencia artificial, Eduación superior, formación profesional, ética de la educación, prácticas profesionales

Abstract

The article analyses the role of university practicums in a context marked by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), proposing this technology as a laboratory for critical literacy. From a theoretical and propositional approach, it examines the transformations that AI introduces in practical training and in the construction of professional identity. The methodology is based on a systematic review of scientific literature and international regulatory frameworks, as well as an interpretative analysis aimed at developing a conceptual model. The results lead to a model structured around three axes: AI-mediated training dynamics, emerging professional competencies, and deliberative spaces. The discussion highlights the need to integrate AI from an ethical and critical perspective, emphasising the Practicum as a strategic space for developing professional agency, ethical reflection, and critical judgement in higher education.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Clara Selva Olid, Open University of Catalonia
    Open University of Catalonia
  • Eduard Masdeu Yélamos, Open University of Catalonia
    Open University of Catalonia

References

Biesta, G., Priestley, M. y Robinson, S. (2015). The role of beliefs in teacher agency. Teachers and Teaching, 21(6), 624–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2015.1044325

Brynjolfsson, E. y McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.

Cebrián, M., y Pérez-Torregrosa, A. B. (2024). La inteligencia artificial y su contribución a los ePortafolios en el Prácticum. Revista Prácticum, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.9.2.2024.20495

Cotton, D. R. E., Cotton, P. A., y Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148

Delshorts, A., y Brasó Rius, J. (2025). Implementación de una propuesta de feedback con inteligencia artificial (IA) para mejorar el prácticum en centros educativos. Revista Practicum, 10(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21418

Floridi, L. (2019). The Logic of Information: A theory of philosophy as conceptual design. Oxford University Press.

García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2021). Avoiding the dark side of digital transformation in teaching: Artificial Intelligence, Learning Analytics and ethics. Education in the Knowledge Society, 22, e23623. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23623

Hsu, H.-P., Mak, J., Werner, J., White-Taylor, J., Wu, S. y Martin, F. (2024). Preliminary study on pre-service teachers’ applications and perceptions of generative AI for lesson planning. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 32(3), 409–437. https://doi.org/10.70725/897776dkibzu

Knox, J. (2020). Artificial intelligence and education in China. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 298–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1754236

L’Enfant, J. (2024). AI as a reflective coach in graduate ESL practicum: Activity Theory insights into student-teacher development. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 26(s1). https://doi.org/10.2478/eurodl-2024-0003

Lluch Molins, L., Masdeu Yélamos, E. y Selva Olid, C. (2025). Repensar el Prácticum en la era de la IA: Usos, potencialidades y riesgos hacia una integración crítica. Revista Prácticum, 10(1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.1.2025.21947

Long, D., y Magerko, B. (2020). What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727

Luckin, R., Holmes, W., Griffiths, M., & Forcier, L. B. (2016). Intelligence unleashed: An argument for AI in education. Pearson Education. Disponible en: https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/global/Files/about-pearson/innovation/open-ideas/Intelligence_Unleashed_Published.pdf

Marín-Díaz, V., y Salinas, J. (2023). La pedagogía crítica ante la irrupción de la inteligencia artificial en la docencia universitaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 26(1), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.26.1.34560

Relay Graduate School of Education. (2024). Teacher simulations and AI: A practical guide for supporting reflective teaching. Relay Publications. https://relay.edu/research/ai-simulations-2024

Saiz-Linares, A., & Ceballos-López, N. (2019). El Prácticum de magisterio a examen: reflexiones de un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad de Cantabria. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior, 10(27), 136–150. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2019.27.344

Selva, C., y Pina, R. (Coords.). (2024). La ética en la práctica psicológica: Dilemas y retos. Editorial UOC.

Selva Olid, C., Vall-llovera, M., Terrado Mejías, C. y Bové Andreu, A. (2022). Perspectiva del estudiantado ante un nuevo escenario educativo para el Prácticum mediante e-actividades. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, 20(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2022.16886

Selwyn, N. (2022). Should robots replace teachers? AI and the future of education. Polity Press.

UNESCO. (2021). Inteligencia artificial y educación: Guía para las personas a cargo de formular políticas. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377071

UNESCO. (2023). Recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence: Implementation guidelines. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381137

Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education: The digital future of learning, policy and practice. SAGE.

Williamson, B. y Eynon, R. (2020). Historical threads, missing strands, and future patterns in AI in education. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 223–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2020.1798995

Zabalza, M. A. (2016). El Prácticum y las prácticas externas en la formación universitaria. Revista Prácticum, 1(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.24310/RevPracticumrep.v1i1.8254

Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education: Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16, 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0171-0

Published

2025-12-26

Dimensions

PlumX

Citations

Issue

Section

Editorial

How to Cite

Selva Olid, C., & Masdeu Yélamos, E. (2025). The Practicum as a laboratory for critical literacy in Artificial Intelligence: a theoretical-propositional study. Diario De Practicum, 10(2), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.24310/rep.10.2.2025.22868

Most read articles by the same author(s)