The challenge of understanding horizontal transfer of genetic information

Authors

  • Alejandro López Martín Spain

Keywords:

gene, transfer, conjugation, transduction, transformation, transgenics, antibiotic resistance

Abstract

Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transmission of genetic information in a manner not related to reproduction. In contrast to vertical gene transfer, the nucleic acids are transferred between organisms without offspring relationship. It was first time observed in 1951 on the diphtheria bacteria. Since then, different kinds of mechanisms have been described, such as conjugation, where the genetic information is transferred throughout an ad-hoc structure (the pilus); transduction, where virus transport genes from an organism to another; and transformation, the process where bacterial cells, with certain permeability degree in their wall, allow naked DNA molecules enter into the cell and end up taking part of its genetic endowment. Surprisingly, this phenomenon has been observed between species from distant taxonomic groups. Nowadays, these mechanisms are engaging interest from the society, as they are considered one of the tracks through the antibiotic resistance genes are spread. Indeed, worldwide recognized organizations like World Health Organization and Greenpeace have raised concerns about this regards. In addition, from a theoretical point of view, the fact that DNA fragments acquired via horizontal gene transfer are part of functional genes, even in superior species, add more interest to the scientific community in this phenomena.

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References

Filée J y otros. The role played by viruses in the evolution of their hosts: a view based on informational protein phylogenies. Research

Published

2016-06-19

How to Cite

López Martín , A. (2016). The challenge of understanding horizontal transfer of genetic information. Encuentros En La Biología, 9(158), 108–110. Retrieved from https://revistas.uma.es/index.php/enbio/article/view/17965

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Artículos