Los microRNA en los humanos: ¿qué son y cómo intervienen en nuestra salud?

Autores/as

  • Oliver Cuevas Corral España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/enbio.v14i178.17049

Palabras clave:

miRNA, enfermedades, terapia genética, diagnóstico

Resumen

Los microRNA (miRNA) son secuencias cortas de RNA, de unos 22 nucleótidos, implicadas en la regulación de la expresión génica mediante su unión a RNA mensajeros por complementariedad de bases. Por lo general, ejercen su función silenciando la expresión de genes diana al impedir la traducción de los mensajeros o promoviendo su degradación. Tienen un papel fundamental en nuestra salud y ciertos desequilibrios en los niveles de expresión de miRNA pueden dar lugar a enfermedades relacionadas con la expresión anómala de genes, como el cáncer, las enfermedades neurológicas o ciertos desórdenes autoinmunes. Por ello, la elaboración de perfiles de miRNA permite diagnosticar estas enfermedades y puede que en un futuro se desarrollen terapias génicas basadas en miRNA destinadas a tratar diversas enfermedades de origen genético.

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Publicado

2023-06-22

Cómo citar

Cuevas Corral , O. (2023). Los microRNA en los humanos: ¿qué son y cómo intervienen en nuestra salud?. Encuentros En La Biología, 14(178), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.24310/enbio.v14i178.17049

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