Ecology and structure of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link populations in the south- western of the Iberia!, Peninsula.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v26i0.7378Abstract
ABSTRACT. Ecology and structure of Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link populations in the south- western of the Iberia!, Peninsula. The population size and the demographic structure of the autogamous and nautochoric Drosophyllum lusitanicum were studied in two areas in the South-western Iberian Peninsula. Its coenological character is documented by a synoptic phytosociological table, based upon the published relevés and new data. In the Serra de Monchique (Portugal), the distribution was mapped. 21 populations are growing there with an average size of 165 individuals. In the Campo de Gibraltar (Spain), the biggest population with severa] thousands of individuals occurs in the Sierra del Aljibe. Plant size, rosette diameter and lignification rate from 700 measured individuals are used as indirect indicators for the age-structure in 19 populations.
Drosophyllum has a certain pioneer character. It occurs mostly in open Ericion umbellatae-heathland communities (Stauracantho-Drosophylletum. Querco lusitanicae-Stauracanthetutn, Genisto tridentis- Stauracanthetutn etc.). It is able to colonize disturbed habitats like roadside verges and fire prevention strips and is an apophyt in the Drosophyllo-[Stauracanthenionl-basal community. As a re-seeder the species is favoured by fire events of medium frequency. In open Myrto-Quercetum suberis-woodland and in dense Erica austraiis-heathland, large and tall-growing specimens predominate; there the populations are over-aged. Some deficits in the knowledge of its reproductive biology and further research topics are outlined and the needs for conservation efforts in the Portuguese study area are strengthened.
Key words. Fleathland vegetation, Ericion umbellatae, Portugal, Serra de Monchique, Spain, phytosociology, endemism.
RESUMEN. Ecología y estructura de poblaciones de Drosophyllum lusitanicum (L.) Link en el suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Drosophyllum lusitanicum es una planta autógama y nautocórica cuyo tamaño y estructura de población han sido estudiados en dos áreas del suroeste de la Península Ibérica. Su carácter cenológico se documenta mediante una tabla fitosociológica sintética basada en inventarios ya publicados y datos nuevos. En la Sierra de Monchique (Portugal) se cartografían 21 poblaciones cuyo tamaño medio es de 165 individuos. Sin embargo, en el Campo de Gibraltar (España), se encontró la población de mayor tamaño, con varios miles de individuos en la Sierra del Aljibe. Aquí se estudió el tamaño de las plantas, el diámetro de la roseta basal y el grado de lignificación de 700 individuos, lo que se utilizó como indicador indirecto de la estructura de edades de 19 poblaciones. Drosophyllum lusitanicum tiene un cierto carácter pionero. Se presenta mayoritariamente en los brezales aclarados de Ericion umbellatae (Statiracantho-Drosophylletum, Querco lusitanicae- Stauracanthetum, Genisto tridentis-Stauracanthetum, cte.). Es capaz de colonizar medios alterados, como cunetas de carreteras y cortafuegos, y es un apófito en las comunidades basales de Drosophyllo- [Stauracanthenion], siendo además esta especie favorecida por los frecuentes incendios de la zona. En los alcornocales abiertos de Myrto-Quercetum suberis y en los brezales densos de Erica australis predominan los individuos grandes, siendo éstas poblaciones maduras. Finalmente, se aportan algunos datos poco conocidos de su reproducción y ecología que indican la necesidad de un mayor esfuerzo para la conservación del área portuguesa estudiada.
Palabras clave. Brezales, Ericion umbellatae, Portugal, Serra de Monchique, España, fitosociología, endemismos.
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