Carpology and phermatology of Gomortega (Gomortegaceae): Systematic and evolutionary implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v26i0.7376Abstract
ABSTRACT. Carpology and phermatology of Gomortega (Gomortegaceae): Systematic and evolutionary implications. The anatomy and morphology of the fruits and seeds of Gotnortega keule (Mol.) Baill., comprising a monotypic genus in the monogeneric family Gomortegaceae Reiche, have been studied in an effort to clarify its systematic position. The fruits are fleshy inferior cocnocarpous drupines, giving the appearance (due to the lateral concrescence of spirally arranged 2-6 carpels) of mostly 2-3-locular or rarely pseudomonomcrous syncarpous fruit. Seeds are flattened, exarillatc, abundantly albuminous with a small embryo, originate from hemianatropous crassinucellate, bitegmic ovules. The seed coat is endotestal- endotegmic; the endotesta, only testal layer preserved in the mature spermoderm, is of tracheotestal type, having peculiar numerous spiral or annular projections penetrating into the cell cavities. Evidence, mainly from seed anatomy and morphology, emphasizes phylogenetic unity of Gomortega having aberrant inferior fruits with Monimiaceae s.l. or more correctly, a group of the families Monimiaceae s. str., Amborellaceae, Hortoniaceae, Siparunaceae, and Atherospermataceae. Gomortegaceae especially have common roots with Atherospermataceae, sharing similar tracheotestal endotestal type of seed coats, albuminous seeds with small embryos, similar chromosome number, morphology of sieve-element plastids, palynomorphology, xylem anatomy, and distinctive staminodial appendages and valvular dehiscence of anthers. With the addition of more data on the fruit and seed anatomy and morphology of Atherospermataceae, the interrelationships of Gomortega and Atherospermataceae would be defined more precisely.
Key words. Gomortega keule (Mol.) Baill., keule (queule), carpology, pericarp, seed anatomy and evolution, Gomortegaceae, Atherospermataceae, Monimiaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Hamamelididae, Rosidae, Dilleniidae.
RESUMEN. Carpología y morfología de la cubierta de la semilla de Gomortega (Gomortegaceae): implicaciones sistemáticas y evolutivas. En un esfuerzo de clarificar la posición sistemática del género Gomortega, en el presente trabajo se estudia la morfología y anatomía de los frutos y semillas de Gomortega keule (Mol.) Baill., perteneciente al género monotípico anteriormente citado, de la monogenérica familia Gomortegaceae Reiche. Los frutos son drupas cenocarpicas carnosas, que ofrecen la apariencia de frutos sincárpicos bi- o triloculares, o más raramente uniloculares, debido a la concrescencia lateral de los 2-6 carpelos que lo componen y que se encuentran espiraladamente dispuestos. Las semillas son aplanadas, desprovistas de ardo, con albtímen abundante y embrión pequeño, originadas a partir de primordios seminales bitegmicos, anatropos y crasinucelados. La cubierta de la semilla es endotestal-endotégmica; la endotesta (sólo la base testal se preservó en la espermodermis madura) es de tipo traqueotestal, presentando la peculiaridad de poseer mumerosas proyecciones anulares o espiraladas que penetran en las cavidades celulares. Las evidencias encontradas, fundamentalmente en base a la morfología y anatomía de las semillas, apoyan la relación filogenetica existente entre Gomortega, con frutos ínferos aberrates, y Monimiaceae s.l. o, más correctamente, con el grupo de las familias Monimiaceae s. str., Amborellaceae, Hortoniaceae, Siparubaceae y Atherospermataceae, que comparten un tipo similar de cubierta seminal
endotestal y traqueotestal, semillas albuminadas, con embrión pequeño, similar número de cromosomas, morfologia de los plastidios de los elementos cribosos del flocma, morfología polínica, anatomía del xilema, los apéndices de los estaminodios y la dehiscencia valvar de las anteras. Con la aportación de una mayor cantidad de datos sobre la morfología y anatomía de los frutos y semillas de Atherospermataceae, las interrelaciones existentes entre Gomortega y Atherospermataceae podrían ser definidas de manera más precisa.
Palagras clave. Gomortega keule (Mol.) Baill., keule (queule), carpologia, pericarpo, anatomia seminal y evolucion, Gonzortegaceae, Atherospermataceae, Monimiaceae, Lauraceae, Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Hamamelididae, Rosidae, Dilleniidae
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