Revisión de los grupos de especies del género Blechnum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v31i31.7119Abstract
RESUMEN. Revisión de los grupos de especies del género Blechnum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta): el grupo B. penna-marina. Blechnum asperum, B. penna-marina, B. spicant y B. stoloniferum (grupo B. penna-marina) se estudian aquí conjuntamente con‘B. blechnoides, B. corralense, B. fernandezianum, B. lehmannii, B. microphyllum, B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, B. mochaenum subsp. achalense y B. mochaenum subsp. squamipes. Los esporófitos de estos taxones son pequeños a medianos, con rizomas postrados a erectos y frondas dimórficas. Los caracteres analizados fueron: tipo de rizoma, indumento de ejes y lámina, arquitectura de las frondas, todas con segmentos adnatos y estípites con tres haces vasculares, venación, morfología interna de los segmentos, tales como estructura marginal, modelos epidérmicos de la lámina, estomas, hidatodos, secciones transversales de los estípites, modelos epidérmicos de los indusios y esporas. Esos caracteres resultan‘diagnósticos para distinguir los taxones. Se encontraron protuberancias intercelulares pécticas (PIP) en forma de verrugas y filamentos cortos en el mesofilo y tejidos parenquimáticos del estípite y raquis de algunas especies. En el parénquima de los estípites se acumula a menudo almidón de granos simples, elipsoidales. Las esporas son monoletes, aclorofílicas, con esporodermo formado por un exosporio psilado y un perisporio cuya ornamentación varía en los niveles específico e infraspecífico. Tres especímenes de B. penna-marina y tres de B. mochaenum subsps. mochaenum presentaron esporas, células epidérmicas y estomas más grandes que el resto, lo que sugiere diferencias de ploidía, aunque esos ejemplares no muestran variaciones morfológicas externas o internas. Se ha cambiado el estatus de las variedades de B. mochaenum como sigue: B. mochaenum var. fernandezianum es reconocido con el rango de especie, mientras que B. mochaenum var. squamipes y B. mochaenum var. achalense son elevadas al rango de subespecie. Blechnum microphyllum se trata aquí como una especie bien caracterizada y no una subespecie de B. penna-marina. Las plantas de B. penna-marina de Argentina, Brasil y Chile varían algo en el tamaño, pero los rasgos de la morfología interna son muy constantes y no se han reconocido subespecies en el área. Se presenta una descripción completa de los taxones, se actualizan aspectos nomenclaturales, sinonimia, tipos, distribución geográfica, ecología, se da una clave para su determinación y se discute la importancia de los caracteres analizados para redefinir el grupo.
Palabras clave. Blechnum, Blechnaceae, grupos de especies, estatus nuevos, caracteres diagnósticos, morfología, esporófito, esporas.
ABSTRACT. Revision of the groups of species in genus Blechnum (Blechnaceae-Pteridophyta): the B. penna-marina group. Blechnum asperum, B. penna-marina, B. spicant and B. stoloniferum (B. penna-marina group) are studied here together with B. blechnoides, B. corralense, B. fernandezianum, B. lehmannii, B. microphyllum, B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum, B. mochaenum subsp. squamipes, and B. mochaenum subsp. achalense. The sporophytes of these taxa are small to medium plants with postrate to erect rhizomes, and dimorphic fronds. Characters selected to study were type of rhizome,
indument of the axes and laminae, architecture of fronds, which always bear adnate segments and stipes with three vascular strands, venation, internal morphology of segments, such as margins, epidermal patterns of laminae, stomata, hydathodes, transversal section of stipes, epidermal patterns of indusia, and spores. These traits bring diagnostic characters to distinguish the taxa. Intercellular pectic protuberances (IPP), mostly warts and short filaments, were detected in the mesophyll cells, and within the parenchymatose tissues of the stipes and rachis in some taxa. Ellipsoidal starch grains often accumulate within the parechymatose tissues of stipes. The spores are monolete, ellipsoidal, non-chlorophyllous, with a sporoderm consisting of a psilate exospore, and a perispore which ornamentation varies in the specific and infraspecific levels. Three specimens of B. penna-marina and three specimens of B. mochaenum subsp. mochaenum showed spores, epidermal cells and stomata larger than average, thus suggesting a difference of ploidy, although the plants do not show significant differences in their external morphology. The status of the varieties of B. mochaenum are changed as follow: B. mochaenum var. fernandezianum is recognized as a different species, B. fernandezianum, while B. mochaenum var. squamipes and B. mochaneum var. achalense are both considered as subspecies. Blechnum microphyllum is treated as a well delimitated species, instead of a subspecies of B. penna-marina. Plants of B. penna-marina from Argentina, Brasil and Chile may vary in size and external coloration of pinnae, but internal morphology remains constant, and no subspecies were recognized in the area. A new, complete description is presented for each taxon, along with their taxonomy, distribution, ecology and a key to identify them. The importance of the studied characters to define the group is discussed.
Key words. Blechnum, Blechnaceae, groups of species, diagnostic characters, new status, morphology, sporophyte, spores.
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