Contribución para la caracterización bioclimática del Norte de Portugal. La transición florística atlántico-mediterránea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v33i0.6982Abstract
RESUMEN. Contribución para la caracterización bioclimática del norte de Portugal. La transición
florística atlántico-mediterránea. Este trabajo se incluye en la serie de trabajos ya iniciados por Crespí
et al. (2001), con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento bioclimático del Norte de Portugal, a
través de la información florística presente. En este sentido, y para proceder a una posible cartografia
de las áreas biogeográficas naturales desde una perspectiva termopluviométrica, son ahora introducidos
39 nuevos táxones para la relación ya existente. Los táxones analizados en esta aportación son: Anthemis
triumfetti f. flosculosa, Arnica montana subsp. atlantica, Aster aragonensis, Carduus bourgeanus,
Carduus carpetanus, Carduus platypus subsp. platypus, Carduus platypus var. granatensis, Carduus
pycnocephalus, Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea geresensi, Centaurea herminii subsp. herminii, Centaurea
langeana, Centaurea rivularis, Centaurea triumfetti subsp. lingulata, Leucanthemopsis pallida subsp.
flaveola, Leucanthemopsis pallida subsp. pulverulenta, Leuzea rhaponticoides, Phalacrocarpum
hoffmannseggii, Santolina rosmarinifolia, Santolina semidentata, Arbutus unedo, Cistus ladanifer,
Cistus laurifolius, Cistus populifolius, Cistus psilosepalus, Cistus salvifolius, Erica arborea, Erica
australis, Erica ciliaris, Erica cinerea, Erica lusitanica, Erica scoparia, Erica tetralix, Erica umbellata,
Halimium lasianthum subsp alyssoides, Halimium lasianthum subsp lasianthum, Halimium ocymoides,
Halimium umbellatum subsp umbellatum, Halimium umbellatum subsp. viscosum. De modo a poder
alcanzar los objetivos propuestos, se procede a la aplicación de una rutina programática multivariada,
basada en un sistema de información geográfico (SIG), a partir del cual cada uno de los táxones
estudiados es georeferenciado sobre cartografía ambiental (confeccionada y publicada por el Instituto
para a Conservação da Natureza, del Ministerio del Ambiente portugués), comparándola después con
las caracterizaciones fitoclimáticas de Franco (1994) y de Costa et al. (1998). Los resultados obtenidos
confirman no sólo un acusado efecto gradual de transición entre el área de influencia bioclimática
atlántica y la mediterránea, como además la existencia de una tendencia de comportamiento
fitoclimático intermedio, no considerada hasta el momento en las caracterizaciones bioclimáticas ya
publicadas.
Palabras clave. Taxonomía, distribución, SIG, caracterización bioclimática.
ABSTRACT. Approach on the climatic characterization for Northern of Portugal. The atlanticmediterranean
floristic transition. Thirty-nine specific and infraspecific taxa with different occurrences
in the continental portuguese area are referred in the present work. In the light of these behaviours,
the climatic and geomorphological variability of the North of Portugal has been important
environmental factors to explain the floristic diversity in this part of the country. In this case, the taxa
analysed are: Anthemis triumfetti f. flosculosa, Arnica montana subsp. atlantica, Aster aragonensis,
Carduus bourgeanus, Carduus carpetanus, Carduus platypus subsp. platypus, Carduus platypus var.
granatensis, Carduus pycnocephalus, Centaurea cyanus, Centaurea geresensi, Centaurea herminii
subsp. herminii, Centaurea langeana, Centaurea rivularis, Centaurea triumfetti subsp. lingulata,
Leucanthemopsis pallida subsp. flaveola, Leucanthemopsis pallida subsp. pulverulenta, Leuzea
rhaponticoides, Phalacrocarpum hoffmannseggii, Santolina rosmarinifolia, Santolina semidentata,
Arbutus unedo, Cistus ladanifer, Cistus laurifolius, Cistus populifolius, Cistus psilosepalus, Cistus
salvifolius, Erica arborea, Erica australis, Erica ciliaris, Erica cinerea, Erica lusitanica, Erica
scoparia, Erica tetralix, Erica umbellata, Halimium lasianthum subsp alyssoides, Halimium lasianthum
subsp lasianthum, Halimium ocymoides, Halimium umbellatum subsp umbellatum, Halimium
umbellatum subsp. viscosum. Because of the appropriate management of the floristic richness, a
multivariate statistic routine is applied on a Geographical Informatic System (GIS) the chorological,
geomorphological and climatic characterization for each one are described in this paper. The geological
substrate and the altitudinal classes are focused for the geomorphological approach, as well as two
biogeographic classifications are used to correlate the occurrence of the taxa and their bioclimatic
preferences. In the light of this analytical scheme, every taxa is geo-referenced upon an environmental
cartography (elaborated by the Instituto para a Conservação da Natureza), compared with the Franco´s
(1994) and Costa´s et al. (1998) phytoclimatic characterizations. The results obtained are pointing
out the floristic progressive differentiation between the atlantic bioclimatic influence and the
mediterranean one, as well as the existence of an intermediate bioclimatic tendency which had never
been considered so far.
Key words. Taxonomy, distribution, GIS, environmental characterization
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