Toxic cyanobacteria and widlife conservation: Proposal of a procedure to demonstrate waterbird mass mortalities by microcystin.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v34i0.6916Abstract
ABSTRACT. Toxic cyanobacteria and wildlife conservation: proposal of a procedure to demonstrate waterbird mass mortalities by microcystin. The role of toxic cyanobacteria in wildlife conservation is poorly known. However, toxic cyanobacteria blooms could have a very important effect on wildlife. In particular, mass mortalities of waterbirds are receiving improved attention in recent years because of their increased occurrence. Cyanobacteria toxicosis by microcystins (potent hepatotoxic cyclic peptides) should be taken in account as a significant cause of such mortalities in eutrophic inland water systems. A suitable procedure to diagnose waterbird mortalities due to toxin-producing cyanobacteria (microcystins) should be based on five sequential steps: i) macroscopic in situ evaluation searching evidences of cyanobacteria blooms; ii) identification of toxic cyanobacteria species; iii) analysis of water samples searching for microcystin detection; iv) epidemiology and clinical sings; and v) post-mortem examination of waterbirds to verify that microcystins reach to digestive system of birds. This procedure was employed to analyze recent mortalities of waterbirds in Doñana National Park (S Spain), revealing that toxicosis by microcystins was the main cause of the worst mass mortality.
Keywords. Cyanobacteria, diagnostic procedure, Doñana National Park, microcystins, waterbird mortalities, wildlife refuge.
RESUMEN. Cianobacterias tóxicas y conservación de la vida salvaje: propuestas de un procedimiento para demostrar mortalidades en masa de avifauna causadas por microcistina. El papel que desempeñan las cianobacterias tóxicas en la conservación de la fauna salvaje está subestimado. Sin embargo, las proliferaciones de cianobacterias tóxicas pueden tener un efecto importante sobre la vida salvaje. Particularmente las mortandades masivas de aves acuáticas están siendo objeto de atención en los últimos años debido a su considerable incremento. Se debería tener en cuenta que las toxicosis cianobacterianas, especialmente por microcystinas (potentes peptidos hepatotóxicos), podrían ser una causa importante de mortalidad en aguas continentales. Un procedimiento adecuado para diagnosticar mortandades de aves acuáticas debidas a cianobacterias debería seguir un protocolo de cinco pasos: i) evaluación macroscópica in situ buscando evidencias de proliferación masiva de cianobacterias; ii) identificación de las especies de cianobacterias tóxicas; iii) análisis de muestras de agua para detectar microcystinas; iv) estudio de la epidemiología, y síntomas y signos clínicos; y v) examen post-mortem de las aves para verificar que las cianobacterias alcanzaron el sistema digestivo. Este procedimiento ha sido empleado para analizar los últimos casos de6M. A. Mateos-Sanz et al. mortandades de aves acuáticas en el Parque Nacional de Doñana (S España) revelando que la toxicosis por
microcistinas fue la causa de la peor mortalidad masiva de aves en la última década.
Palabras clave. Cianobacteria, microcistinas, mortalidad de aves acuáticas, Parque Nacional de Doñana, procedimiento diagnóstico, refugio de fauna salvaje.
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