Nuevas observaciones sobre la vegetación del sur del Perú. Del Desierto Pacífico al Altiplano.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v34i0.6904Abstract
RESUMEN. Nuevas observaciones sobre la vegetación del Sur del Perú. Del Desierto Pacífico al Altiplano. En este trabajo, aportamos novedades sobre la vegetación del S del Perú desde el Desierto Pacífico a las cumbres del Altiplano. Como resultado se describen 19 asociaciones distribuidas entre diferentes formaciones vegetales: arbustedas y bosques climácicos de la costa [Echinopsio chalaensis-Randietum armatae (arbustedas espinosas termotropicales semiáridas), Caesalpinio spinosae-Myrcianthetum ferreyrae (bosques termotropicales secos)], vegetación herbácea de las lomas costaneras [Nolano spathulatae-Palauetum dissectae (herbazales de suelos arenosos poco estabilizados), Hoffmannseggio mirandae-Palauetum weberbaueri (herbazales de suelos arenosos estabilizados)], vegetación de los saladares de la costa [Cresso truxillensis-Distichlietum spicatae (comunidad de suelos arenosos y salinos), Cypero laevigati-Distichlietum spicatae (vegetación de suelos húmedos salinos), Lippio nodiflorae-Paspaletum vaginati (pastizales de las costa pacífica inundados por aguas salobres), Schoenoplectetum olneyi-americani (juncales de la costa pacífica), Sporobolo virginici- Distichlietum spicatae (pastizales de la costa)], monte ribereño de la costa [Plucheetum absinthioidis (arbustedas halófilas)], comunidades de freatófitos de las quebradas [Acacio macracanthae-Tecometum guarumis (asociación termo-mesotropical de freatófitos del departamento de Ica), Schino mollis-Tecometum arequipensis (asociación termo-mesotropical de freatófitos del SE del departamento de Arequipa y NO del de Moquegua), Schino mollis-Tecometum tanaeciiflorae (asociación termo-mesotropical de freatófitos de las quebradas del río Colca)], comunidades de cactáceas columnares [Armatocereo riomajensis-Euphorbietum apurimacensis (vegetación de cactus y arbustos de Euphorbia, mesotropical semiárida del cañón del Colca en Arequipa), Weberbauerocereo rahuii-Browningietum candelaris (vegetación de cactus, termotropical árida de los valles del Cotahuasi, Colca y Siguas en Arequipa), Weberbauerocereo rahuii-Corryocactetum brevistyli (vegetación de cactus, mesotropical árida-semiárida de los cañones del Cotahuasi y Colca) y Weberbauerocereo torataensis-Corryocactetum brevistyli (vegetación de cactus, mesotropical árida del valle de Torata en Moquegua)], vegetación rupícola [Polyachyro sphaerocephali-Puyetum densiflorae (comunidades rupícolas supratropicales del cañón del Colca en Arequipa)], y pajonal-tolares y puyales [Baccharido tricuneatae-Puyetum raimondii (comunidades con Puya raimondii orotropicales subhúmedas), Diplostephio108A. Galán de Mera et al.
tovari-Festucetum orthophyllae (pajonal-tolares orotropicales seco-subhúmedos de valles interandinos)]. Además se describen 4 alianzas y 3 órdenes [Grindelion glutinosae y Citharexylo flexuosi-Crotonetalia alnifolii (arbustedas y bosques de las lomas del S del Perú), Ludwigio octovalvis-Paspalion vaginati y Schoenoplectetalia olneyi-americani (pastizales y juncales del Desierto Pacífico), Plucheion absinthioidis (arbustedas costeras del sector Arequipeño), y Sarcocornio neei-Distichlion spicatae y Sarcocornietalia neei (vegetación de los saladares de la costa pacífica peruana y chilena)], y 1 clase fitosociológica [Carico candicantis- Caesalpinietea spinosae (bosques y arbustedas termo-mesotropicales seco-semiáridos andinas occidentales]. También se presenta un esquema sintaxonómico comentado con todas las unidades fitosociológicas reconocidas hasta el momento en el S del Perú.
Palabras clave. Vegetación, sintaxonomía, sur del Perú.
ABSTRACT. New observations about the vegetation of Southern Peru. From the Pacific Desert to the high Andean plateau. In this work, we present new reports about the vegetation of southern Peru, from the Pacific Desert to the highland of the Altiplano: As result, 19 new associations distributed in different plant formations are described: coastal shrublands and climax forests [Echinopsio chalaensis-Randietum armatae (semiarid thermotropical spiny schrubs), Caesalpinio spinosae-Myrcianthetum ferreyrae (dry thermotropical forests)], herb communities of the coastal hills [Nolano spathulatae-Palauetum dissectae (herbs on low stabilized sandy soils), Hoffmannseggio mirandae-Palauetum weberbaueri (herbs on stabilized sandy soils)], coastal vegetation on salt soils [Cresso truxillensis-Distichlietum spicatae (plant community on salt and sandy soils), Cypero laevigati-Distichlietum spicatae (vegetation on humid salt soils), Lippio nodiflorae- Paspaletum vaginati (grasslands of the Pacific Coast flooded by salt waters), Schoenoplectetum olneyi- americani (Rushes of the Pacific Coast), Sporobolo virginici-Distichlietum spicatae (coastal grasslands)], coastal riverside shrublands [Plucheetum absinthioidis (halophilous shrub communities)], freatic plant communities of the ravines [Acacio macracanthae-Tecometum guarumis (freatic thermo-mesotropical association of Ica department), Schino mollis-Tecometum arequipensis (freatic thermo-mesotropical association of SE Arequipa and NW Moquegua departments), Schino mollis-Tecometum tanaeciiflorae (freatic thermo-mesotropical association of the affluents of the Colca river in Arequipa)], columnar cactus plant communities [Armatocereo riomajensis-Euphorbietum apurimacensis (semiarid mesotropical cactus and Euphorbia-shrubs vegetation of the Colca canyon in Arequipa), Weberbauerocereo rahuii-Browningietum candelaris (arid thermotropical cactus vegetation of the Cotahuasi, Colca and Siguas valleys in Arequipa), Weberbauerocereo rahuii-Corryocactetum brevistyli (arid-semiarid mesotropical cactus vegetation of the Cotahuasi and Colca canyons in Arequipa) and Weberbauerocereo torataensis-Corryocactetum brevistyli (arid mesotropical cactus vegetation of the Torata valley in Moquegua), rock plant vegetation [Polyachyro sphaerocephali-Puyetum densiflorae (supratropical rock plant communities of the Colca canyon in Arequipa)], and grass-shrublands and Puya plant communities [Baccharido tricuneatae-Puyetum raimondii (subhumid orotropical plant communities with Puya raimondii), Diplostephio tovari-Festucetum orthophyllae (dry- subhumid orotropical grass-shrublands of the interandean valleys). Moreover, 4 alliances and three orders are described [Grindelion glutinosae and Citharexylo flexuosi-Crotonetalia alnifolii (shrublands and forests of the coastal hills of Southern Perú), Ludwigio octovalvis-Paspalion vaginati and Schoenoplectetalia olneyi- americani (grasslands and rushes of the Pacific Desert), Plucheion absinthioidis (coastal shrublands of the Arequipeño sector), and Sarcocornio neei-Distichlion spicatae and Sarcocornietalia neei (salt vegetation of the Peruvian and Chilean pacific coast)], and 1 phytosociological class [Carico candicantis-Caesalpinietea spinosae (dry-semiarid thermo-mesotropical shrublands and forests of the neotropical Pacific Desert and occidental Andean slops].
Also, a commented syntaxonomical scheme with the phytosociological units for the Southern Peru vegetation is presented.
Key words. Vegetation, syntaxonomy, Southern Peru.
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