Biodiversité des espaces verts publics de la commune urbaine de Marrakech (CUM) (Maroc). Biodiversity of the public green spaces in the Urban District of Marrakesh (UDM) (Morocco)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24310/abm.v41i0.2455Abstract
English. The Public Green Space (PGS) in urban zones is a major interest in the sustainable development, both regarding environment and the quality of life of their users. The present study constitutes a first research which is interested in the PGS of the Urban district of Marrakesh (UDM) to have a basis of scientific data on these spaces and to help taking decision and environmental planning of it. It aims at (i) the study of the diversity of the ornamental flora (ii) and the analysis of the structure and the distribution of these PGS. So, the prospecting concerned 50 PGS distributed on 5 districts of the UDM. The results showed a diversity of ornamental flora which contains 297 vascular species, distributed in 212 genera and 88 families. 77 % of species are exotic. This specific richness is dominated by 12 families which contain 142 species distributed in 85 genera. The frequency, the origin and the biological type of these species are much diversified. The study of the structure highlighted 4 types of PGS that differ by their size and their function. The analysis of the floral affinity of the PGS-UDM revealed 13 groups which distinguish by their floral compositions. Consequently, the PGS-UDM contributes deeply to the preservation and the increase of the floral diversity and improvement of the esthetic quality of the city of Marrakesh.
Fraçais. En milieu urbain, l’espace vert public (EVP) constitue un enjeu majeur du développement durable, tant en matière d’environnement que de qualité de vie de leurs usagers. La présente étude présente une première recherche sur les EVP de la ville de Marrakech permettant de disposer d’une base de données scientifiques sur ces EVP qui va aider à la prise de décision et de planification environnementale de la ville. Elle vise (i) l’étude de la diversité de la flore ornementale (ii) et l’analyse de la structure et la répartition spatiale de ces EVP. La prospection a concerné 50 EVP urbains répartis sur les 5 arrondissements de la ville. Les résultats ont montré une diversité de la flore ornementale qui s’élève à 297 espèces vasculaires, réparties en 212 genres et 88 familles et dont 77 % des espèces sont exotiques. Cette richesse spécifique est dominée par 12 familles qui détiennent 142 espèces réparties en 85 genres. La fréquence, l’origine et le type biologique des espèces sont très diversifiés. L’étude de la structure a fait ressortir 4 types d’EVP qui diffèrent par leur taille et leur fonction. L’analyse de l’affinité floristique des EVP-CUM a fait apparaître 13 groupes qui se distinguent par leurs compositions floristiques. En conséquence, les EVP de la ville contribuent vivement à la conservation et l’accroissement de la diversité floristique et à l’amélioration de la qualité esthétique de la ville de Marrakech.
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