Actividad física como tratamiento del dolor crónico de espalda baja no específico: revisión sistemática.

Miguel Carreño García; Alejandro García González; Nerea Castillo Espinar; José María Amo Escobar

doi:10.24310/JPEHMjpehmjpehm.v4i215361

Autores/as

Miguel Carreño García Universidad de Málaga España
Alejandro García González España
Nerea Castillo Espinar España
José María Amo Escobar Universidad de Granada España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/JPEHMjpehmjpehm.v4i215361

Palabras clave:

Prescripción de actividad física, Paradigma biopsicosocial, Dolor inespecífico de espalda baja

Resumen

El dolor de espalda baja (LBP) es una de las discapacidades que más afecta a la población adulta (70%) hoy en día. En la actualidad se le ha dado demasiada importancia a los factores biomecánicos y su preocupación hacia ellos, como es por ejemplo mantener una correcta higiene postural, sin atender tanto a otros factores como es el contexto ambiental de la persona y condiciones económicas. En este trabajo de revisión se ha tratado de revisar a fondo las causas, tratamiento y readaptación, del dolor crónico no específico en espalda baja que precisamente se corresponde con el 85% de los casos de dolor de espalda baja. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de información fueron Scopus, Sportdiscus, Pubmed y diferentes revistas gran impacto según Web of Science. La evidencia actual sugiere que debe ser evaluada y tratada desde un enfoque más integrador como es el modelo biopsicosocial, llevado a cabo por un equipo multidisciplinar, donde el paciente forme parte activa del proceso de readaptación, en el que tendrá tanta importancia evaluar los diferentes factores que han causado su aparición y tratamiento, como su prevención. Por ello, en este trabajo se propone una intervención basada en un programa de ejercicio físico adaptado e individualizado a las condiciones del sujeto, así como una intervención educacional sobre las causas y evolución de dicha discapacidad, evitando generar comportamiento kinesiofóbicos desencadenantes en un comportamiento sedentario.

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Biografía del autor/a

Miguel Carreño García, Universidad de Málaga

Graduado en Ciencias del Deporte por la Universidad de Granada.

Citas

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