La influencia del entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia en niños con parálisis cerebral. Una revisión sistemática

Ángel Carmona Sedeño; José López Aguilar

doi:10.24310/jpehm.7.1.2025.21420

Autores/as

Ángel Carmona Sedeño Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain España
José López Aguilar Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Osuna, 41640 Osuna, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales, Trinity Saint David, 29018 Malaga, Spain España

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/jpehm.7.1.2025.21420

Palabras clave:

neurodiscapacidad pediátrica, ejercicio terapéutico, capacidad funcional, función motora gruesa

Resumen

Introducción:

La parálisis cerebral es una patología neuromotora crónica y no progresiva que afecta al control motor, la capacidad deambulatoria y la participación en las actividades de la vida diaria en población pediátrica. La actividad física terapéutica se considera una intervención relevante para mejorar la funcionalidad en este colectivo.

Objetivo:

identificar, evaluar y reunir la evidencia científica disponible sobre la efectividad del entrenamiento de fuerza y/o resistencia en niños y adolescentes con parálisis cerebral.

Metodología:

Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en PubMed y Google Scholar entre diciembre de 2023 y marzo de 2024. Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados publicados en inglés y español que evaluaran intervenciones de entrenamiento de fuerza y/o resistencia en población pediátrica con parálisis cerebral. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro.

Resultados:

Se incluyeron cinco ensayos controlados aleatorizados. Los resultados fueron heterogéneos, observándose mejoras en algunos parámetros de la marcha, la fuerza isométrica y funcional, así como en la función motora gruesa, aunque los efectos no fueron consistentes entre estudios.

Discusión:

Los hallazgos sugieren un posible beneficio del entrenamiento de fuerza y/o resistencia; sin embargo, la variabilidad de protocolos, los tamaños muestrales reducidos y la diversidad de instrumentos de evaluación limitan la comparabilidad.

Conclusiones:

El entrenamiento de fuerza y/o resistencia puede aportar beneficios en fuerza y variables funcionales relacionadas con la marcha en parálisis cerebral, pero se requieren más ECA con protocolos estandarizados y prescripción individualizada para maximizar resultados y seguridad.

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