Eficiencia versus equidad en localización: aplicación al diseño de infraestructuras

Abstract

Location models in public and private sectors share the objective of optimizing any utility measure that satisfies some constraints, but they differ in how to establish the objective and the constraints. Decisions in the private sector involve a big amount of characteristics, including non-economic ones, but they assume, as a reasonable objective, minimizing the cost or maximizing the profit. Public location decisions are answers to social demands and the objective in this case is to maximize a benefit or to minimize a cost non-based in monetary terms. This idea leads to the inclusion of the concept of a compromise solution, namely pcentdian that is a convex combination between p-median (efficiency) and p-center (equity). In this paper we solve de p-centdian problem by using mathematical programming models. We use these models to locate some facilities in Kinshasa.