Do artificial intelligence systems understand?

Carlos Blanco Pérez; Eduardo Garrido-Merchán

doi:10.24310/crf.16.1.2024.16441

Autores/as

Carlos Blanco Pérez Universidad Pontificia Comillas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-6178
Eduardo Garrido-Merchán Universidad Pontificia Comillas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-5484

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24310/crf.16.1.2024.16441

Palabras clave:

Entendimiento, Inteligencia Artificial, Aprendizaje de máquinas, Inteligencia

Resumen

¿Son realmente inteligentes las máquinas inteligentes? ¿Es satisfactorio el concepto subyacente de inteligencia para describir el funcionamiento de estos sistemas? ¿Es el entendimiento condición necesaria y suficiente de la inteligencia? Si una máquina pudiera entender, ¿deberíamos atribuirle subjetividad? Este artículo aborda el problema de decidir si las llamadas "máquinas inteligentes" son capaces de entender, en lugar de limitarse a procesar signos. Trata acerca de la relación entre sintaxis y semántica. La tesis principal se refiere a la inevitabilidad de la semántica en la discusión sobre la posibilidad de construir máquinas conscientes, condensada en dos tesis: "Si una máquina es capaz de entender (en sentido fuerte), entonces ha de ser capaz de combinar reglas e intuiciones"; "Si la semántica no puede reducirse a la sintaxis, entonces una máquina no puede entender". La conclusión apunta a que no es necesario atribuir entendimiento a una máquina para explicar el comportamiento "inteligente" que exhibe; una aproximación meramente sintáctica y mecanicista a la inteligencia, como herramienta para resolver tareas, basta para justificar el rango de operaciones que despliega en el estado actual del desarrollo tecnológico.

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