Who are the Evil Ones? Propaganda, Kalokagathia and Caricature in Comics during the Spanish Civil War through an Example: Un miliciano rojo

Abstract

During the Spanish Civil War, as well as during the post-war period, propaganda turned into one of the essential political ele- ments, and art - mainly architecture, sculpture and painting, accomplished that purpose from the very rst moment. Even children were part of this indoctrination which was achieved by means of propaganda in comics. A great example of this is the comic titled Un miliciano rojo (A red militiaman), which perfectly shows how the eventually winners used the ancient idea of kalokagathia to instill a sense of fear towards the considered wrong models in the persecuted and future new society.